Utilization of CAM,CAF, MAX,and FAX for space radiation analyses using HZETRN

To estimate astronaut health risk due to space radiation, one must have the ability to calculate various exposure-related quantities that are averaged over specific organs and tissue types. Such calculations require computational models of the ambient space radiation environment, particle transport, nuclear and atomic physics, and the human body. While significant efforts have been made to verify, validate, and quantify the uncertainties associated with many of these models and tools, relatively little work has focused on the uncertainties associated with the representation and utilization of the human phantoms. In this study, we first examine the anatomical properties of the Computerized Anatomical Man (CAM), Computerized Anatomical Female (CAF), Male Adult voXel (MAX), and Female Adult voXel (FAX) models by comparing the masses of various model tissues used to calculate effective dose to the reference values specified by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The MAX and FAX tissue masses are found to be in good agreement with the reference data, while major discrepancies are found between the CAM and CAF tissue masses and the reference data for almost all of the effective dose tissues. We next examine the distribution of target points used with the deterministic transport code HZETRN (High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport) to compute mass averaged exposure quantities. A numerical algorithm is presented and used to generate multiple point distributions of varying fidelity for many of the effective dose tissues identified in CAM, CAF, MAX, and FAX. The point distributions are used to compute mass averaged dose equivalent values under both a galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar particle event (SPE) environment impinging isotropically on three spherical aluminum shells with areal densities of 0.4 g/cm², 2.0 g/cm², and 10.0 g/cm². The dose equivalent values are examined to identify a recommended set of target points for each of the tissues and to further assess the differences between CAM, CAF, MAX, and FAX. It is concluded that the previously published CAM and CAF point distributions were significantly under-sampled and that the set of point distributions presented here should be adequate for future studies involving CAM, CAF, MAX, or FAX. It is also found that the errors associated with the mass and location of certain tissues in CAM and CAF have a significant impact on the mass averaged dose equivalent values, and it is concluded that MAX and FAX are more accurate than CAM and CAF for space radiation analyses.     

人因工程学在飞机驾驶舱空间布局设计中的应用

回顾了当前驾驶舱设计中人因工程学的研究进展,重点探讨了人因工程学研究方法在飞机驾驶舱空间布局设计中的具体应用,总结了设计中需要遵循的原则,并对驾驶舱设计进一步的研究提出了若干建议。     

舱外航天服热控系统仿真

针对人体穿着航天服处于过热状态下的散热问题,在分别建立人体热调节系统、金属氢化物冷源和液冷服数学模型的基础上,将3个模型进行结合,对舱外航天服热控系统在5.5h的时间轴上进行综合的仿真计算,求出人体各节段的温度分布情况,液冷服的入口及出口水温,金属氢化物冷源的出口水温等参数,分析航天员的热舒适性,对航天服热控系统的设计有一定的指导作用,并为今后进一步的研究打下了基础.     

NASA 2024财年预算及空间科技重要领域发展分析解读

对2023年3月美国国家航空航天局（NASA）发布的2024财年预算申请进行分析和梳理。分析了NASA在2024财年预算概况以及深空探索系统、空间运行、空间技术、科学领域的重点部署情况。研究并讨论了NASA 2024财年预算案积极响应NASA最新战略规划,预算案对重要领域的重大影响,美国严峻通胀态势以及预算不确定性对NASA未来发展走向的潜在影响等关键问题。     

轮盘低循环疲劳试验器自动控制系统的开发

利用高速旋转试验设备进行轮盘低循环疲劳试验是开展轮盘疲劳寿命及损伤容限性能研究的有效手段。为确保此类试验器能够长时间稳定运行,开发了1套可靠的、无人值守的自动控制系统,以触摸屏为人机接口（HMI）完成试验参数的设置,以可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）为主站控制设备启停及转速循环,监测系统采用工控机（IPC）完成数据显示和保存,并采用第3方控件实现IPC和PLC的串口通信。测试结果表明：该控制系统稳定性高、可靠性好,完全满足设计要求     

浅谈民机客户服务专业技术人才队伍建设

民机客户服务人才对我国民机产业发展具有重要影响,其发展建设已纳入国家“十二五冶人才建设规划。介绍了全球顶尖民机制造商波音与空客的客户服务人力资源现状,总结了其客户服务人才队伍的培养措施,最后结合中国商飞公司实际,从招聘、培养、激励及管理等方面提出了培养公司客户服务人才队伍的建议。     

模拟微重力对人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化中细胞信号通路影响的分析

通过模拟来研究微重力对hMSC向成骨细胞分化的影响,并利用相关信号通路的激活剂或抑制剂来调节这一分化过程.研究结果表明,在成骨细胞分化诱导条件下,微重力降低了hMSC向成骨细胞定向分化的能力,并且成骨细胞标记性基因的表达明显降低, Runt相关转录因子2(Ruax2)的表达受到抑制.相反,过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARγ2)的表达则增加.同时,微重力也降低了ERK的磷酸化水平,而增加了p38MAPK的磷酸化水平.使用p38MAPK的抑制剂SB203580能够抑制p38MAPK的磷酸化,但不能降低PPARγ2的表达水平.骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)能增加Runx2的表达水平.成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF2)增加了ERK的磷酸化水平,但也不能显著增加成骨细胞标记性基因的表达水平.采用BMP,FGF2和SB203580三种因子组合来调控微重力下的成骨细胞分化能力,结果表明三者的协同作用能显著逆转微重力对成骨细胞定向分化的生物学效应.研究结果还说明,模拟微重力应该是通过不同的细胞信号通路来抑制成骨细胞分化和提升脂肪细胞分化的.