从驾驶舱设计和适航来减少由设计引发的飞行员人为差错的挑战和途径

人为差错成为导致民用飞机重大事故的主要原因已经是不争的事实。对人为差错发生的原因及其预防措施已有许多研究和建议。侧重从民机驾驶舱设计和适航角度,并结合增补的FAA和EASA FAR/CS 25.1302适航条款,分析和探讨为减少由设计引发的飞行员人为差错所面临的挑战和途径,并对开展这方面的工作提出一系列框架性建议。     

静态图像压缩评估方法测评

静态图像压缩领域提出了众多图像质量客观评估方法,但对于各种客观评估方法与主观感受相符程度的研究仍有不足。为此,文章设计了一种评价客观评估方法的测评方法:按特定原则建立相对完备的测评图像库,以实际观测得到的主观分数为参考,以客观评估方法的评价分数为测评对象,通过对比同一压缩算法不同压缩倍数、不同压缩算法主观质量相近情况下各种评估方法的表现,以及依据VQEG报告的度量准则所求的度量结果,对客观评估方法的性能进行评价。同时,文章以PSNR和SSIM为例进行了测评,结果表明SSIM各项指标优于PSNR,与现有结论一致。     

基于模糊层次分析法的航空人为因素问题重要性识别

针对现代航空中存在的沟通、压力、团队合作以及生理和心理方面的人为因素问题,采用模糊层次分析法对其重要性进行识别.结果显示,语音信息沟通、机组资源管理、书面信息沟通、空管班组资源管理、疲劳、情景意识、维修班组资源管理、过分自信和满足在现代航空人为因素问题中占有比较突出的地位.     

Solar activity and human health at middle and low geomagnetic latitudes in Central America

The study of the possible effect of solar variability on living organisms is one of the most controversial issues of present day science. It has been firstly and mainly carried on high latitudes, while at middle and low latitudes this study is rare. In the present review we focused on the work developed at middle and low geomagnetic latitudes of America. At these geomagnetic latitudes the groups consistently dedicated to this issue are mainly two, one in Cuba and the other in Mexico.     

Cooperation and dialogical modeling for designing a safe Human space exploration mission to Mars

This paper proposes an approach for a complex and innovative project requiring international contributions from different communities of knowledge and expertise. Designing a safe and reliable architecture for a manned mission to Mars or the Asteroids necessitates strong cooperation during the early stages of design to prevent and reduce risks for the astronauts at each step of the mission. The stake during design is to deal with the contradictions, antagonisms and paradoxes of the involved partners for the definition and modeling of a shared project of reference. As we see in our research which analyses the cognitive and social aspects of technological risks in major accidents, in such a project, the complexity of the global organization (during design and use) and the integration of a wide and varie d range of sciences and innovative technologies is likely to increase systemic risks as follows: human and cultural mistakes, potential defaults, failures and accidents. We identify as the main danger antiquated centralized models of organization and the operational limits of interdisciplinarity in the sciences. Beyond this, we can see that we need to take carefully into account human cooperation and the quality of relations between heterogeneous partners. Designing an open, self-learning and reliable exploration system able to self-adapt in dangerous and unforeseen situations implies a collective networked intelligence led by a safe process that organizes interaction between the actors and the aims of the project. Our work, supported by the CNES (French Space Agency), proposes an innovative approach to the coordination of a complex project.     

航天员转体技术仿真

航天员在自由状态下的转体技术是航天员训练和太空任务完成好坏的重要指标。本文借助１５段的人体模型,使用多刚体动力学的方法建立起航天员转体动作的力学模型。该模型易于编程,适合于实时计算。并使用计算机动画技术,建立了航天员转体运动的实时动态仿真系统。该系统只要求输入基本的人体测量数据和肢体的相对运动规律,以图形动画形式输出,具有良好的交互性。