火星进入点误差对开伞点分布影响分析

随着火星探测任务需求的提升,着陆器在火星表面着陆精度的要求越来越高。着陆器开伞点分布是影响着陆精度的重要因素。文章围绕火星大气进入过程,简要介绍了着陆器运动学方程,并给出相应的数学模型。针对进入点（接触大气层）存在的初始状态误差,借助MonteCarlo法进行了着陆器开伞点分布情况分析。通过1000次重复仿真试验得出结论,着陆器开伞点的纵向误差在20~40km,横向误差在5~10km。最后,针对提高开伞点精度,提出两点建议并简要介绍了相关制导算法。     

A novel wireless light sensing device for planetary and astronomical observations

A novel and versatile wireless light sensing device has been designed and tested for stellar and planetary photometric observations. The device weighing few 10 s of grams finds a number of potential applications in the fields of astronomy and in situ planetary exploration. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using a number of these devices has been deployed to successfully carry out simultaneous photometric observations under different conditions viz. sunlight, twilight, moonlight etc. Observation of a star of known magnitude for flux calibration at low intensity has been carried out by coupling the device to a 1.2 m telescope which demonstrates its sensitivity. A WSN using these devices is further capable of spatio-temporal investigations of sky background intensities. Such a network can also be used to effectively monitor certain astronomical events (lunar eclipse, asteroid occultation etc.) simultaneously from several locations. The capability of the device, level of miniaturization and its versatility makes it a potential tool for many photometric applications.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

基于改进动静态滤波的脉冲星/CNS深空探测组合导航方法

为了提高深空探测器的自主导航系统性能,文章提出一种基于改进动静态滤波的脉冲星/CNS组合导航方法。脉冲星观测数据和星光角距信息通过改进动静态滤波器进行信息融合。其中,动态滤波采用UKF处理采样速率快、测量方程非线性强的星光角距测量量,静态滤波采用EKF处理采样速率慢、测量方程线性特征明显的脉冲星测量量,其运行周期可以是动态滤波的若干倍。利用该改进动静态滤波进行组合导航,可避免联邦滤波器中由于各局部滤波器采用相同的状态方程而导致的融合滤波结果不具备最优性的问题。仿真分析表明,基于所提出的组合导航系统,深空探测器的导航精度可提高至10km以内。     

月球巡视探测器系统研究

简要回顾月球探测的发展现状,给出月球巡视探测器的概念和主要功能．据此分析和研究系统方案设计、分系统组成、工作状态和工作模式。最后提出月球巡视探测器的关键技术,以期为月球巡视探测器的工程研制提供参考。     

Effect of salt stress on growth and physiology in amaranth and lettuce: Implications for bioregenerative life support system

Growing plants can be used to clean waste water in bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). However, NaCl contained in the human urine always restricts plant growth and further reduces the degree of mass cycle closure of the system (i.e. salt stress). This work determined the effect of NaCl stress on physiological characteristics of plants for the life support system. Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L. var. Huahong) and leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Luoma) were cultivated at nutrient solutions with different NaCl contents (0, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 ppm, respectively) for 10 to 18 days after planted in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System Experimental Facility in China. Results showed that the two plants have different responses to the salt stress. The amaranth showed higher salt-tolerance with NaCl stress. If NaCl content in the solution is below 5000 ppm, the salt stress effect is insignificant on above-ground biomass output, leaf photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, photosynthesis pigment contents, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inducing lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, the lettuce is sensitive to NaCl which significantly decreases those indices of growth and physiology. Notably, the lettuce remains high productivity of edible biomass in low NaCl stress, although its salt-tolerant limitation is lower than amaranth. Therefore, we recommended that amaranth could be cultivated under a higher NaCl stress condition (<5000 ppm) for NaCl recycle while lettuce should be under a lower NaCl stress (<1000 ppm) for water cleaning in future BLSS.     

基于相似理论的星球车牵引通过性模型

深空探测车辆在星球表面巡视过程中,应避免过度沉陷,保障其可靠的通过性能具有重要意义。月球和火星表面重力加速度分别约为地球表面重力加速度的1/6和2/5,地面实现低重力环境的模拟具有一定局限性,因此基于相似理论进行轮壤相互作用系统的量纲分析,研制二分之一缩比模型车;开展缩比模型车轮壤试验,重点研究滑转条件下车轮沉陷行为和牵引特性;基于地面力学理论,结合轮壤接触应力分布的线性化方法,建立与沉陷和滑转率相关联的星球车挂钩牵引力预测模型。通过土槽试验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明该模型具有较高的准确性。能够为星球车通过性评估提供一定的理论技术基础。     

密闭容器试验用人体代谢模拟装置

文章简要介绍了人体代谢地面模拟装置的原理、结构组成和应用结果。为在密闭容器中进行地面模拟试验,考核产品性能提供了一个较为可靠而全面的模拟环境。     

俄罗斯火星载人探测技术现状

火星探测是人类探索太空的重要组成部分。俄罗斯在火星探测方面具有丰富的经验和大量技术储备。文章扼要介绍了俄罗斯火星载人探测技术的发展过程,重点阐述了俄罗斯现阶段火星探测方案和关键部件的研制现状和技术能力,对该方案的可行性进行了分析,并对火星探测技术可能的国际合作方式提出建议。     

行星探测车被动摇臂悬架的研究与发展

悬架是行星探测车移动系统的关键部件,对其移动性能有直接影响。悬架设计是行星 探测车移动系统研究的重点和热点问题之一。被动摇臂悬架具有诸多优点,是目前行星探测 车移动系统广泛采用的一种悬架形式。对国内外行星探测车被动摇臂悬架的研究状 况进行了概述,对其优缺点进行了分析,对摇臂摆杆悬架进行了分类和详细介绍。最后,提 出了被动摇臂悬架设计要求,指出了其发展趋势,旨在为我国月球探测车悬架的开发提供借 鉴和启示。