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Disturbance observer based model predictive control for accurate atmospheric entry of spacecraft 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Chao Wu Jun Yang Shihua Li Qi Li Lei Guo 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(9):2457-2471
Facing the complex aerodynamic environment of Mars atmosphere, a composite atmospheric entry trajectory tracking strategy is investigated in this paper. External disturbances, initial states uncertainties and aerodynamic parameters uncertainties are the main problems. The composite strategy is designed to solve these problems and improve the accuracy of Mars atmospheric entry. This strategy includes a model predictive control for optimized trajectory tracking performance, as well as a disturbance observer based feedforward compensation for external disturbances and uncertainties attenuation. 500-run Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed composite control scheme achieves more precise Mars atmospheric entry (3.8?km parachute deployment point distribution error) than the baseline control scheme (8.4?km) and integral control scheme (5.8?km). 相似文献
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Robert A. Goehlich Jay K. AndersonNathan N. Harrold Joseph A. BemisMike T. Nettleingham Joshua M. CobinBradley R. Zimmerman Ben L. AvniMichael D. Gonyea Nicholas Y. Ilchena 《Space Policy》2013
This article sheds light on the key player needed for any space tourism adventure: the pilot who flies the spacecraft. The paper addresses the potential benefits of including a pilot at the controls when designing a space tourism spacecraft. It examines the basic qualifications and advanced skills required of space tourism pilots and discusses key training requirements for selected pilots and space pilots' pay and benefits. In addition, the research concludes that, just as the pioneers of passenger transport in aviation entertained and captured the interest of their passengers, the space pilot should have the skills of a tour guide. 相似文献
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火星探测器减速着陆技术特点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对火星上的稀薄大气环境和火星探测器的着陆要求,对火星探测器减速着陆技术进行了系统的分析,探讨了火星探测器减速着陆系统、气动外形、降落伞和着陆缓冲等相关环节的技术特点,为未来火星探测器减速着陆系统的设计提供参考。 相似文献
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Steven D. Howe 《Space Policy》2001,17(4):275-283
The potential benefits to humankind of space exploration are tremendous. Space is not only the final frontier but is also the next marketplace. The orbital space above Earth offers tremendous opportunities for both strategic assets and commercial development. The critical obstacle retarding the use of the space around the Earth is the lack of low cost access to orbit. Further out, the next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next 30 years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. Both of these missions will change the outlook and perspective of every human being on the planet. However, these missions are expensive and extremely difficult. Chemical propulsion has demonstrated an inability to achieve orbit cheaply and is a very high-risk option to accomplish the Mars mission. An alternative solution is to develop a high performance propulsion system. Nuclear propulsion has the potential to be such a system. The question will be whether humanity is willing to take on the challenge. 相似文献
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Roadmap to a human Mars mission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We propose a new roadmap for the preparation of the first human mission to Mars. This proposal is based on the work of ISECG and several recent recommendations on human Mars mission architectures. A table is proposed to compare the possible benefits of different preparatory missions. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of qualifying important systems thanks to a heavy Mars sample return mission. It is shown that this mission is mandatory for the qualification of Mars aerocapture at scale-1, EDL systems at scale 1 and Mars ascent. Moreover, it is a good opportunity to test many other systems, such as the heavy launcher and the transportation systems for the trips beyond LEO. These tests were not mentioned in the last ISECG report. This strategy is facilitated in the case of the simplified Mars mission scenarios that have recently been presented because it is suggested that relatively small vehicles with small crew sizes are used in order to optimize the payload mass fraction of the landing vehicles and to avoid the LEO assembly. An important finding of the study is that a human mission to the surface of the Moon is not required for the qualification of the systems of a human mission to Mars. Since affordability is a key criterion, two important missions are proposed in the roadmap. The first is a heavy Mars sample return mission and the second is a manned mission to a high Earth orbit or eventually to the vicinity of the Moon. It is shown that both missions are complementary and sufficient to qualify all the critical systems of the Mars mission. 相似文献
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介绍了目前国外提出的一种三元结构的火星采样返回任务方案,整个方案分3次发射,分别发射漫游车、着陆器和轨道器,每次发射间隔为4年,最终目的是将火星样品带回地球。该方案的优势在于,通过3次发射分别完成漫游车巡视勘察、着陆器现场探测、轨道器数据中继和在轨探测,最终综合完成火星采样返回,能够极大地缓解项目进度和资金压力,充分利用每次发射窗口分步骤完成探测任务。文章重点对方案涉及的关键技术进行了分析,包括样品获取与封装、行星保护、精准着陆、漫游车的危险规避能力和移动性、火星上升器、交会与样品捕获、地球再入器技术等;对方案的前景和优势进行了探讨,并给出几点启示,如精准着陆或成为今后行星探测着陆方式的新趋势,火星采样返回任务将是人类火星探测的里程碑,今后的深空探测任务趋向国际合作模式等。 相似文献
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对一种抽展式火星车转移坡道开展柔顺性优化设计和动力学分析。首先,分析火星车与存在异面角的坡道的挤压几何原理。然后,设计坡道的间隙机构和限位机构,并计算出机构关键设计参数的最优值,以自适应调整两侧坡道的距离,〖JP2〗减小火星车与坡道护栏之间的相互作用力。最后,对坡道下落过程和火星车在坡道上的行驶过程进行动力学仿真,验证坡道柔顺性优化设计的效果。结果表明:优化后的坡道柔顺性大幅提高,坡道可以自适应调整两侧的距离;使用优化后的坡道,可以有效降低火星车与坡道护栏的作用力,实现火星车在坡道上的安全行驶。 相似文献