陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件应用及热分析研究进展

陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)具有密度低、耐高温的优异特性而被视为新一代航空发动机的战略热结构材料,其制备工艺、性能设计及其在燃烧室和涡轮等热端部件的应用已成为现阶段航空发动机研究领域的热点.然而,由于编织特征导致的各向异性特性,给CMC在热端部件的应用和加工带来巨大挑战.本文总结了有关陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件上的...     

舰船短波天线对火工品安全影响

基于电磁仿真软件FEKO、ANSYS HFSS建立舰船短波天线电磁场环境,对典型电火工品电磁耦合规律进行研究,通过建立火工品电磁模型,分析电磁环境对电火工品安全性的影响,并给出仿真结果。     

F-35 联合仿真环境(JSE)研究

美国空军F-35 联合仿真环境(JSE)旨在消除露天试验场的限制,通过仿真满足未来作战试验需求,但目前 JSE 开发严重滞后。通过分析洛克希德·马丁公司、美国空军与海军相关资料,明确了 JSE 分区域构建通过接口集成不同类型的服务。同时,JSE通过软件架构与硬件设施建设满足初始作战能力要求,其复杂性导致开发进度缓慢。虽多次延期影响了F-35的初始作战试验鉴定,但美军继续推进相关建设工作,以解决当前试验鉴定的局限性。JSE代表了未来装备作战试验训练的发展方向,值得借鉴。     

用火工品产生中高量级冲击的试验技术研究

用可控的火工品爆炸源在冲击台上模拟冲击具有快捷、稳定、量级高的特点,是一种极有潜力的试验技术.通过研究多种连接和衰减形式下的冲击特性,确定了一种多板平台结构,并进行多次冲击性能测试来探索试验技术的可行性. 试验结果表明：试验的可重复性、台面的环境均匀性较好;冲击谱偏差和冲击的量级虽然可以接受,但控制起来有一定的难度.要使火工品为爆炸源产生中高量级冲击环境进行常规试验成为一种常规的试验技术,还需要进一步的研究和发展.     

“北斗+5G”联合定位与误差校正技术

在边坡、城市峡谷、高架等复杂的公路交通定位环境中,存在海量多样的定位需求与复杂的定位环境,北斗信号穿越建筑空间时强度被削弱,产生严重的信号反射和衍射,使得北斗卫星信号难以到达和有效使用,系统可用率下降,无法提供可靠的定位服务。结合第五代移动通信网络（5G）系统高密度部署的特点,提出了一种北斗+5G联合定位模型以及基于最小二乘残差Helmert后验加权的误差校正方法。在复杂公路交通环境中,可以改善可见卫星数少的问题,优化卫星的几何构型,提高用户终端定位精度,能够为用户终端提供高精度、全天候、连续、实时的定位服务。实验表明,北斗+5G联合定位模型能够大幅提升复杂公路交通环境下的定位性能。     

Analysis of the brightness temperature features of the lunar surface using 37 GHz channel data from the Chang'E-2 microwave radiometer

Compared with other remote observations, brightness temperatures (T_B) derived from microwave emission measurements provide a unique means to characterize the physical properties of the lunar surface. Using Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data, we produced 12 global T_B images of the lunar surface during a diurnal cycle with different local times separated by approximately 2?h. There are two types of remarkable T_B units on the lunar surface, the “hot regions” occurring during the lunar day in the lunar Maria regions and the “microwave cold spots” occurring during the nighttime typically related to young craters. Compared with their surroundings, the hot regions are much warmer during the lunar day and slightly colder at night, while the microwave cold spots are much colder during the lunar night and slightly warmer in the daytime. Moreover, the T_B heating and cooling rates of these two units are larger than others at the same average latitude where they are located during the lunar day, especially after sunrise and before sunset. The hot regions have a good agreement with the mare regions with high TiO₂ abundance. Besides, brightness temperatures in the lunar Maria correlate closely with their TiO₂ abundance. For most microwave cold spots, they agree with the young craters, and their brightness temperature distributions have a significant negative correlation with the lunar surface nighttime temperature and rock abundance.     

Study on impact energy absorption and adhesion of biomimetic buffer system for space robots

Space buffer landers offer the unique promise of ensuring that high-speed flying space robots steadily attach to the surface of the target spacecraft for repairs and rescues. A stable attachment and an easy detachment mechanism of the robot are required to enable space buffer landers to land smoothly on spacecraft in space environments. In this paper, we present an approach to fabricate a buffer lander with an elastic multi-leg configuration and adhesive feet with a microarray structure. We set up a theoretical model of a buffer lander with six elastic legs and adhesive feet. We analyze the influence of the initial position of the lander on the buffer kinetic energy absorption characteristics by theoretical modeling. Based on this model, we establish a discrete element multibody dynamics coupling simulation platform. Through the simulation, we analyze the factors influencing the buffer kinetic energy absorption characteristics and optimize the parameters of the buffer. We obtain the contact force of the adhesion feet and the torque of each joint of the buffer during the cushioning process with EDEM-ADAMS coupling simulations. Finally, we build a launching platform for the buffer collision test and simulate a high-temperature and high-vacuum space environment with a heating cage and a vacuum tank, respectively. Then, the effects of the high-temperature and high-vacuum environment on the kinetic energy absorption and adsorption characteristics of the buffer are analyzed.     

空间在轨环境下的30 cm离子推力器三栅极组件间距变化仿真分析

采用有限元仿真(FEM)与地面热平衡试验验证相结合的方法，计算并模拟了30 cm离子推力器处于在轨环境时，有、无主动热控对三栅极相对位移变化造成的影响，并对目前离子推力器设置的工作启动流程可能造成的打火风险进行了预估。结果显示：三栅极组件的热形变方向均为法向方向，且栅极中心区域的间距最小；在 -269 ℃ 在轨极限环境温度下，推力器在5 kW工作模式下温度平衡后的屏栅与加速栅最大热态间距为0.14 mm，加速栅和减速栅则已发生贴合；在受太阳辐照以及卫星帆板恒温边界的影响下，栅面最低初始温度为-102 ℃；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为20 ℃时，栅面最低启动温度为-25 ℃，且推力器工作8000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅与减速栅的最小间距分别稳定在0.25 mm和0.20 mm；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为50 ℃时，推力器工作9000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅和减速栅最小间距分别稳定在0.31 mm和0.30 mm，能够满足0.25 mm的栅极安全打火间距要求。     

微重力落塔试验技术及其应用（Ⅰ）

落塔试验是开展微重力研究的有效手段之一。本文研究落塔试验技术中最关键的问题之一：微重力水平的控制问题。     

Experimental study of flow field distribution over a generic cranked double delta wing

The flow fields over a generic cranked double delta wing were investigated. Pressure and velocity distributions were obtained using a Pitot tube and a hot wire anemometer. Two different leading edge shapes, namely ‘‘sharp" and ‘‘round", were applied to the wing. The wing had two sweep angles of 55° and 30°. The experiments were conducted in a closed circuit wind tunnel at velocity 20 m/s and angles of attack of 5°–20° with the step of 5°. The Reynolds number of the model was about 2 ×10~5 according to the root chord. A dual vortex structure was formed above the wing surface. A pressure drop occurred at the vortex core and the root mean square of the measured velocity increased at the core of the vortices, reflecting the instability of the flow in that region. The magnitude of power spectral density increased strongly in spanwise direction and had the maximum value at the vortex core. By increasing the angle of attack, the pressure drop increased and the vortices became wider; the vortices moved inboard along the wing, and away from the surface; the flow separation was initiated from the outer portion of the wing and developed to its inner part. The vortices of the wing of the sharp leading edge were stronger than those of the round one.