空间太阳望远镜热光学环境试验技术

空间太阳望远镜在轨期间,空间环境温度变化会严重影响望远镜成像质量,降低分辨率,因此空间太阳望远镜在模拟空间环境下的热光学试验是其研制过程中的关键技术之一。文章介绍了国外部分空间望远镜的热光学试验及低温光学试验设备,并针对国内空间太阳望远镜的研制和试验研究,提出了一些建设性的意见。     

微波无源遥感有效载荷现状与发展

针对微波无源遥感有效载荷这一卫星有效载荷中发展最早、最成熟的子领域,对从20世纪60年代至今,世界范围内在轨与在研共17个具有代表性的载荷产品进行了研究。综合分析了微波无源遥感载荷在气象、海洋、陆地、大气环境及深空微波遥感等应用领域的发展现状,归纳出无源微波遥感有效载荷向定量应用、功能复合、主被动一体、体制混合、太赫兹探测等方向的发展趋势。总结了我国与欧美发达国家在系统应用水平、反演处理能力、关键部组件性能、研发条件等方面存在的差距,提出了后续发展静止轨道毫米波亚毫米波探测仪、一体化微波成像探测仪、太赫兹冰云探测仪、L波段土壤湿度微波探测仪、亚毫米波临边探测仪、行星探测仪等载荷的设想。     

Crop selection for advanced life support systems in the ESA MELiSSA program: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum)

As part of an ESA MELiSSA investigation into advanced life support (ALS) candidate crop cultivar selection and growth requirements, the University of Guelph’s Controlled Environment Systems Research Facility (CESRF) conducted a case study on growth and development of four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum var durum) grown hydroponically under controlled conditions in a sealed environment. Cultivars tested were Canadian developed Avonlea, Commander, Eurostar and Strongfield. There were few fundamental differences in durum quality parameters between hydroponically and field grown wheat, however yields of Eurostar and Strongfield exceeded those of field trials by 41% and 87% respectively.     

Study of hot flow anomalies using Cluster multi-spacecraft measurements

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) were first discovered in the early 1980s at the bow shock of the Earth. In the 1990s these features were studied, observed and simulated very intensively and many new missions (Cluster, THEMIS, Cassini and Venus Express) focused the attention to this phenomenon again. Many basic features and the HFA formation mechanism were clarified observationally and using hybrid simulation techniques. We described previous observational, theoretical and simulation results in the research field of HFAs. We introduced HFA observations performed at the Earth, Mars, Venus and Saturn in this paper. We share different observation results of space mission to give an overview to the reader.     

Galactic outflows and the pollution of the galactic environment by supernovae

We here explore the effects of the SN explosions into the halo of star-forming galaxies like the Milky Way. Successive randomly distributed and clustered SNe explosions cause the formation of hot superbubbles that drive either fountains or galactic winds above the galactic disk, depending on the amount and concentration of energy that is injected by the SNe. In a galactic fountain, the ejected gas is re-captured by the gravitational potential and falls back onto the disk. From 3D non-equilibrium radiative cooling hydrodynamical simulations of these fountains, we find that they may reach altitudes up to about 5 kpc in the halo and thus allow for the formation of the so called intermediate-velocity-clouds (IVCs) which are often observed in the halos of disk galaxies. The high-velocity-clouds that are also observed but at higher altitudes (of up to 12 kpc) require another mechanism to explain their production. We argue that they could be formed either by the capture of gas from the intergalactic medium and/or by the action of magnetic fields that are carried to the halo with the gas in the fountains. Due to angular momentum losses to the halo, we find that the fountain material falls back to smaller radii and is not largely spread over the galactic disk. Instead, the SNe ejecta fall nearby the region where the fountain was produced, a result which is consistent with recent chemical models of the galaxy. The fall back material leads to the formation of new generations of molecular clouds and to supersonic turbulence feedback in the disk.     

A material experiment for small satellites to characterise the behaviour of carbon nanotubes in space – development and ground validation

Over the last years, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) drew interdisciplinary attention. Regarding space technologies a variety of potential applications were proposed and investigated. However, no complex data on the behaviour and degradation process of carbon nanotubes under space environment exist. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the performance of these new materials in space environment and to revaluate the application potential of CNTs in space technologies.Hence, CiREX (Carbon Nanotubes – Resistance Experiment) was developed as a part of a student project. It is a small and compact experiment, which is designed for CubeSat class space satellites. These are a class of nanosatellites with a standardized size and shape. The CiREX design, electrical measurements and the satellites interfaces will be discussed in detail. CiREX is the first in-situ space material experiment for CNTs.To evaluate the data obtained from CiREX, ground validation tests are mandatory. As part of an extensive test series the behaviour of CNTs under solar ultra violet light (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV) was examined. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and MWNT/resin composite (ME) were exposed to different light sources. After the exposure, the defect density was investigated with Raman spectroscopy. There is a clear indication that UV and VUV light can increase the defect density of untreated CNTs and influence the electrical behaviour.     

基于P2P的一种负载饱和避免技术研究

在点对点体系结构的分布式虚拟环境系统中,由于客户机节点的计算能力和带宽的异构性,以及发生在客户机程序之间交互信息量的不同,会导致一些客户机出现负载饱和。一台客户机的负载饱和不仅影响本机程序的运行,也会对周围其他的客户机的运行产生影响,这限制了分布式虚拟环境系统的性能。研究提出了一种在点对点体系结构的分布式虚拟环境系统中避免客户机负载饱和的技术,试验结果显示了所提出的方法有效地改进了系统的性能。     

海洋环境与疲劳载荷联合作用下喷丸超高强度钢损伤机制

舰载机起落架结构既要遭受海洋大气、海上盐雾和海浪飞溅等严酷海洋环境的侵蚀作用,又要承受较大的弹射起飞/拦阻着舰载荷,在海洋环境与疲劳载荷联合作用下超高强度钢起落架结构承载能力显著劣化,对使用安全构成严重挑战。针对超高强度钢喷丸和未喷丸两种试验件,基于舰载机服役的海洋环境,开展了腐蚀+疲劳交替试验和预腐蚀疲劳试验研究,得到了疲劳寿命变化规律,通过粗糙度、晶粒度、显微硬度、残余应力和疲劳断口分析,揭示了喷丸对疲劳寿命增强的作用机制、腐蚀+疲劳损伤交替作用机制和预腐蚀疲劳损伤作用机制。结果表明,喷丸强化后疲劳寿命平均增幅为93.1%;对于喷丸试验件,深度约为20 μm的轻微点蚀,导致疲劳寿命衰减幅度达到30%;喷丸强化与腐蚀两者之间存在着此消彼长的竞争机制;腐蚀+疲劳交替作用损伤机制对该型超高强度钢造成的疲劳寿命衰减要比预腐蚀疲劳损伤机制严重得多,加速腐蚀试验时间相同的条件下前者疲劳寿命为后者的47%~54%。     

复杂电磁环境表征方法

复杂电磁环境表征是电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应研究的基础性问题之一.基于电磁环境的复杂性特点,提出了一种复杂电磁环境表征方法,该方法从实体环境、电磁信号环境和基于特定电子信息装备的电磁信号环境等三个方面进行参数化描述,为复杂电磁环境认知和模拟奠定基础.     

Development of Space Environment Research in China

Abstract This paper presents the recent research progress on space environment in China. The space environment here includes space environment models, forecast methodology and space environment effects on spacecrafts. Finally the development trends of China's space environment research are discussed.