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51.
S. M. Krimigis D. G. Mitchell D. C. Hamilton S. Livi J. Dandouras S. Jaskulek T. P. Armstrong J. D. Boldt A. F. Cheng G. Gloeckler J. R. Hayes K. C. Hsieh W.-H. Ip E. P. Keath E. Kirsch N. Krupp L. J. Lanzerotti R. Lundgren B. H. Mauk R. W. McEntire E. C. Roelof C. E. Schlemm B. E. Tossman B. Wilken D. J. Williams 《Space Science Reviews》2004,114(1-4):233-329
The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R
S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm2 sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm2 sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm2 sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm2 sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R
S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R
S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
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为了充分利用城市固体废弃物中的各项资源,本项工作将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)回收后与废弃的木纤维、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)进行复合,成功地制备出SBS/再生型木塑复合材料,并进行了力学性能测试和水煮试验。结果表明,SBS的加入使木塑复合材料的冲击韧性得到显著改善,同时,复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量没有明显的影响,表明SBS可以作为木塑复合材料的增韧剂。SBS/木塑复合材料经过8周、60℃的水煮后,复合材料的吸水率和厚度膨胀率均有所增加,弯曲模量和冲击韧性分别平均下降14.4%、10.8%。水煮试验初期复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐降低,然后又逐渐增大,第8周后弯曲强度增加的幅度约10%。木塑复合材料的冲击破坏模式以界面脱粘为主,而加入SBS后,复合材料的破坏以纤维断裂和基体断裂为主。 相似文献
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实验研究了直接时效DA4169合金550℃、650℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,并进行了带上峰值保持时间的试验。结果表明:连续循环的da/dN值基本上与普通4169的相当,但在650℃下略优;650℃带上峰值保时15s的da/dN值比连续循环的大大加速。 相似文献
56.
InSb磁敏电阻角位移传感器的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简单分析了InSb磁敏电阻的工作原理,讨论了利用偏置磁场作用于半桥磁敏电阻构成转动速度及位移传感器的测试原理;针对半导体材料对温度十分敏感的特点,提出了利用浮动零点跟踪技术测试齿轮转速的方法,并对其优缺点进行了讨论。 相似文献
57.
刘海华 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2007,25(1):41-42
原位生物修复在治理污染土壤中的作用日益突出,因而对于原住生物修复的研究愈加受到重视。文中针对原位生物修复的发展情况分别就生物修复实例和实验室研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
58.
高动态扩频信号的捕获跟踪与解调 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文给出了一种高动态扩频信号的跟踪解调方法,采用数字平方环载波捕获跟踪,并实施数字下变频对无载波频率变化的扩频信号进行简单相干积累解扩解调,变二维捕获过程为两个一维捕获过程,简化了高动态情形设计方案。 相似文献
59.
真实气体流动的相似规律 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文从具有化学反应的NS方程出发导出了真实气体流动的相似律,分别给出了高温空气非平衡流、平衡流和冻结流的相似参数。文中还讨论了航天飞机轨道器各种Mach数范围内的真实气体流动的相似参数和实验模拟问题。 相似文献
60.
本文评述了国外固体推进剂近年来向高能化方向发展的三个主要动向:HTPB推进剂的高固体及硝胺化;丁羟之后的新品种——NEPE推进剂;Be、B、叠氮化物等高能组分的研究等.对我国固体推进剂的发展方向提出了建议. 相似文献