一种模拟喷管二维流场的新方法

采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法对固体火箭发动机喷管进行了纯气相流场的数值模拟。推导了建立在同位网格之上利用协变物理速度分量为计算变量的离散方程，采用协变物理速度分量推导压力修正方程，对密度采用一阶迎风格式插值，将ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法扩大到计算可压流动。计算结果表明：本方法计算精度高，收敛速度快，程序编写简单。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

跨声速粘性流绕振荡翼型的非定常计算

本文采用时间和穴是二阶精度的Ｂｅａｍ－Ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ格式和Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模式及ｑ－ω二方程微分模式，结合网格自适应技术，数值模拟Ｎ－Ｓ方程，计算了跨声速下的翼型非定常运动，包括俯仰，浮沉和前后平移振荡。结果表明，压力分布和气动系数与实验基本符合，微分模式和自适应网格能够显著提高激波和边界层计算精度。     

求解可压缩N－S方程的无粘－粘性分数步法

用按物理过程作时间分裂的无粘－粘性分数步法求解可压缩Ｎ－Ｓ方程，无粘步用高效欧拉算法解欧拉方程，粘性步用全隐格式解抛物方程；并采取了有效措施消除由分步法产生的时间和空间不相容性，文中给出了轴对称喷管内外流场的数值模拟结果。     

SBS改性再生型木塑复合材料及其耐水性能

为了充分利用城市固体废弃物中的各项资源，本项工作将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）回收后与废弃的木纤维、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）进行复合，成功地制备出SBS／再生型木塑复合材料，并进行了力学性能测试和水煮试验。结果表明，SBS的加入使木塑复合材料的冲击韧性得到显著改善，同时，复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量没有明显的影响，表明SBS可以作为木塑复合材料的增韧剂。SBS／木塑复合材料经过8周、60℃的水煮后，复合材料的吸水率和厚度膨胀率均有所增加，弯曲模量和冲击韧性分别平均下降14．4％、10．8％。水煮试验初期复合材料的弯曲强度逐渐降低，然后又逐渐增大，第8周后弯曲强度增加的幅度约10％。木塑复合材料的冲击破坏模式以界面脱粘为主，而加入SBS后，复合材料的破坏以纤维断裂和基体断裂为主。     

高超声速三维碳—碳烧浊流场的数值研究

本文针对高超声速再体的烧蚀现象 ,利用简单隐式TVD差分格式和激波捕捉法 ,数值求解三维化学非平衡Navier Stokes方程 ,其中化学模型是碳 碳 (C C)空气化学模型 ,考虑 12个化学组分和 31个化学反应过程 ,研究了C C烧蚀对再入体头部区域的壁面温度和热流分布的影响。为了计算效率和稳定性提出壁面条件显式处理的方法。对再入高度为 6 5km和速度为 8km/s的再入体头部区域烧蚀流场进行了数值模拟 ,用飞行迎角α =0°的计算结果与国外文献进行了比较 ,符合得较好。同时给出了三维小迎角α =5°的计算结果     

超声速进气道内特性数值模拟及性能分析

采用张涵信院士提出的无波动NND格式计算了某二级斜板可调的二元混压式超声速进气道的内部湍流流场 ,较好地模拟了激波间的干扰及激波 -附面层的相互作用 ,并在解法上运用了矢通量分裂算法 ,提高计算的效率、精度和稳定性。通过数值模拟 ,预测了其内流场主要性能参数 ,并分析了飞行条件、几何尺寸调节参数等因素对其性能参数的影响     

数控展成电解加工的阴极结构及流场研究

介绍了应用数控展成电解在整体叶轮毛坯上开槽时的流场特点,讨论了阴极结构对加工间隙内流场的影响规律,并相应对阴极的结构设计提出了一些建议。     

大瑞利数下二维Benard对流演化过程的DSMC仿真研究

利用DSMC（Direct Simulation Monte Carlo）方法研究了大Rayleigh（瑞利）数条件下稀薄气体的二维Benard对流的特性。考察了流动的非定常演化过程及若干流动特征量随时间的变化特征，得到了与实验较为一致的结论。计算结果表明，当流动控制参数不断增大时，二维Berard对流从热传导状态过渡到热对流状态表现出明显的非定常演化特征。最后当瑞利数增大到一定程度后，注动显示出混沌的特性。     

稳态周向混合畸变对压气机特性和流场的影响

用完全径向平衡方程加多扇平行压气机模型处理复杂畸变流场的方法，计算出进口流场组合参数畸变对压气机特性和性能的影响，并得出了压气机在进口畸变条件下流场的详细情况。