压力对离心式喷注器雾化特性影响的试验研究

针对不同入口压力对喷注器雾化特性的影响的问题,对某一双组元姿控推力器的离心式喷注器进行大气环境下不同入口压力的雾化试验.高速摄影试验对喷注器雾化形成过程进行了拍照与分析,PDA试验对喷注器稳态工作时的雾化特性进行了测量与分析,并对试验结果进行了拟合计算.试验结果表明该喷注器有良好的雾化性能,入口压力的增加使得喷雾场可以更加快速的形成和稳定,雾化锥角变大,雾化质量更好,但是变化趋势随压力增大而减缓;计算得到的关系式可预测该喷注器不同工况下液滴的索太尔平均直径,对喷注器优化设计有一定的指导意义.     

Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption of MOF/SiBCN nanomaterials at high temperature

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials at high-temperature are urgently needed for stealth aircrafts or aero-engines worked in harsh environments. In this contribution, cobalt-containing siliconboron carbonitride (MOF/SiBCN) nanomaterials were prepared by pyrolyzing metal–organic framework, i.e. cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67), and hyperbranched polyborosilazane. The rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-67 and cobalt element promoted in situ formation of dielectric loss phases, including SiC nanocrystals, CoSi nanocrystals and turbostratic carbons. The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanomaterials showed excellent microwave absorption both at room and elevated temperature. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC_min) was −51.6 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.93 GHz at room temperature. At an elevated temperature of 600 °C, the RC_min reached −30.29 dB and EAB covered almost the whole X-band (3.95 GHz, 8.45–12.4 GHz). The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanocomposites are promising and useful platform for microwave absorbing materials at high-temperature. It may shed light on the downstream applications in designing next generation areo-engines and stealth aircrafts.     

Aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics

Natural flyers have extraordinary flight skills and their prominent aerodynamic performance has attracted a lot of attention. However, the aerodynamic mechanism of birds' flapping wing kinematics still lacks in-depth understanding. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics extracted from a free-flying owl wing has been numerically investigated. The overset mesh technique is used to deal with the large range movements of flapping airfoils. The bio-inspired kinematics consist of plunging and pitching movement. A pure sinusoidal motion and a defined motion composed of plunging of sinusoidal motion and pitching of the bio-inspired kinematics are selected for comparison. The other two NACA airfoils are also selected to figure out the advantages of the owl-like airfoil. It is found that the cambered owl-like airfoil can enhance lift during the downstroke. The bio-inspired kinematics have an obvious advantage in lift generation with a presence of higher peak lift and positive lift over a wider proportion of the flapping cycle. Meanwhile, the bio-inspired motion is more economical for a lower power consumption compared with the sinusoidal motion. The sinusoidal flapping motion is better for thrust generation for a higher peak thrust value in both upstroke and downstroke, while the bio-inspired kinematics mainly generate thrust during the downstroke but produce more drag during the upstroke. The defined motion has similar lift performance with the bio-inspired kinematics, while it consumes more energy and generates less thrust. The unsteady flow field around airfoils is also analyzed to explain the corresponding phenomenon. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the flight mechanism of birds and to design a micro air vehicle with higher performance.     

基于双ARM的无人直升机飞控导航系统设计

将两片基于ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)内核的微控制器应用于某型共轴式无人直升机飞控导航系统的CPU(Central Processing Unit)模块,连同电源及舵机信号处理模块、信号处理及接口模块形成一个高度集成的嵌入式飞控导航计算机,提供的8路异步串行通讯接口、8路数字信号口,与组合导航设备、信号调理设备、收发电台和姿态稳定系统与舵机等外围设备连接构成一套完整的无人直升机数字式飞控导航系统,另配置了16 MB FLASH(Flash Eeprom)用于任务与飞行状态数据记录,并基于ADS(ARM Developer Suite)集成开发环境编制了系统的飞控与自主导航软件.经地面检测与调试,该系统运行情况良好.     

盘旋跟踪地面目标小型无人机控制系统设计

针对一种大展弦比、V形尾翼常规布局小型无人机盘旋跟踪地面目标飞行的飞行控制策略进行了研究.采用了一种单轴光电探测系统修正视场纵向误差,无人机航向控制修正视场横向误差的控制方法.设计了一种自适应PID(Proportion Integration Differention)控制器,并通过对无人机六自由度非线性运动模型的建模分析,进行了控制律的仿真验证,并将算法融合在盘旋跟踪飞行实验中.仿真及实际飞行实验结果表明:该控制系统在突风等大扰动的影响下获得了良好的动态性能指标,并有效地抑制了飞机姿态通道对视轴通道的耦合影响,满足了飞行任务的需求.     

超小型直升机动力学模型的建模、辨识与验证

为实现超小型直升机的自动控制飞行,需建立较为精确的动力学模型.考虑机体、主旋翼/稳定杆和尾桨间的耦合对飞行动态特性的影响,建立了AF25B型超小型直升机的连续线性时不变系统模型.设计并配置了机载设备,完成在遥控飞行状态下的飞行数据采集与存储.通过时域系统辨识方法,辨识了直升机在悬停状态下的模型参数,并对辨识结果进行验证和分析,表明所建模型能充分反映该型直升机悬停状态下的动态特性.     

帆板驱动影响下的卫星姿态高精度高稳定度控制

受步进电机驱动作用,太阳帆板对日定向时卫星姿态受到影响。本文针对帆板驱动不平稳引起的同卫星姿态耦合干扰,提出了一种卫星姿态稳定和太阳帆板对日定向的复合控制方法。卫星姿态稳定采用自抗扰控制器,以估计补偿由帆板驱动和系统不确定性引起的干扰,并在此基础上,设计了步进电机自适应电流补偿驱动器,以克服帆板驱动机构摩擦力矩和谐波力矩影响。仿真结果表明,该方法能大大提高卫星姿态控制精度和稳定度,同时还改善了帆板对日定向的精度。
     

海拔高度对转子发动机性能影响的模拟试验研究

随着海拔高度增加,三角转子发动机的功率会下降。为测试不同海拔高度下三角转子发动机性能,本文建立了三角转子发动机电控汽油喷射系统,并在发动机台架上通过模拟不同海拔高度下的进气压强,测试了不同进气压强下208cm3排量电控汽油喷射三角转子发动机的性能,实现了发动机在空中运行时的实时监控和调节,进而提出了海拔补偿措施,为其在空中更好地运行提供了可能。     

太阳能无人机关键技术分析

介绍了当前太阳能无人机的发展现状,主要分析了太阳能无人机在设计、制造过程中所涉及到的各种关键技术,指出了需要突破的技术难点,包括轻质、高效太阳能电池的研制与应用技术、能量储存与能量控制系统、太阳能无人机机体平台设计技术。认为太阳能无人机作为航空科学技术与新能源技术相结合的产物,其研制过程需将气动、结构、推进、优化等多学科技术紧密结合。     

某型发动机离心通风器齿轮轴组件焊接区域裂纹故障分析

介绍了某型发动机的离心通风器齿轮轴组件在焊接区域裂纹故障的现象。通过结构分析、断口金相检查,并对齿轮轴组件进行了强度、固有频率、共振转速计算和动应力试验研究,结果表明该齿轮轴组件焊接区域裂纹故障属高周疲劳破坏;焊缝与工艺挡边相交处的应力集中较高是导致裂纹故障的主要原因。据此提出排故措施,并完善齿轮结构设计,进行了动态特性分析与试验验证,效果良好。