一种INS辅助GNSS高动态弱信号标量跟踪方法

为提高恶劣电磁环境下的高动态卫星导航接收机的干扰抑制能力,提出一种低成本INS自适应辅助标量跟踪环路方法。该方法以INS辅助二阶锁频环(IFLL2)算法为核心,采用INS/GNSS紧组合结果提高外部辅助跟踪环路的多普勒频率估计精度,以降低动态应力对跟踪环路的影响。建立了INS辅助锁相环和锁频环性能分析模型,基于该模型可知IFLL2对本地振荡器的抖动噪声抑制能力更强,可更多地降低跟踪环路带宽,故其性能优于INS辅助锁相环(IPLL)的性能。高动态仿真试验结果表明高动态环境下独立式三阶锁相环可跟踪载噪比为28dB Hz的GPS L1 C/A卫星信号,INS辅助最优带宽二阶锁频环算法可跟踪载噪比为19dB Hz的卫星信号,基于本算法的接收机的干扰抑制能力提高了9dB,与理论分析结果相当。     

变转速模型旋翼挥舞摆振低阶载荷试验研究

为研究变转速旋翼挥舞和摆振方向低阶载荷,以无铰式复合材料模型旋翼为研究对象,通过试验研究,探讨了旋翼桨叶根部挥舞和摆振零阶及前3阶载荷随旋翼转速、前飞速度和旋翼拉力的变化关系。试验结果表明,在相同的配平条件(前飞速度、旋翼拉力、俯仰力矩及滚转力矩)下,降低旋翼转速有利于减小模型旋翼摆振零阶载荷,明显降低旋翼需用功率,进而提升直升机性能。当旋翼转速较低时,随着旋翼转速的降低,挥舞前3阶载荷幅值均较大。旋翼转速较低时,摆振弯矩前3阶也较大。当旋翼工作于摆振1阶共振转速附近时,旋翼挥舞前2阶和摆振前2阶载荷突增较为明显,挥舞3阶和摆振3阶变化相对较小,其中以摆振1阶载荷变化最为明显,需特别注意旋翼工作于共振转速附近时的载荷问题。     

不同推力下的非合作空间目标轨道机动检测

针对非合作空间目标轨道机动检测问题,创新性地提出具备普适性的不同推力下的轨道机动检测算法与检测流程。首先给出不同推力作用下轨道机动动力学模型,在此基础上提出普适性轨道机动检测策略,包括：全模型地基与天基观测数据仿真策略,数据处理软件平台,脉冲推力、连续大推力与连续小推力轨道检测算法与流程,精度评估策略。该策略利用不同推力作用下的检测算法与流程,可以满足多数非合作目标轨道机动检测需求。结合地基与天基观测数据,仿真分析不同推力下的非合作目标轨道机动检测情况与轨道精度恢复情况,结果表明该策略能对轨道机动进行有效检测,为工程实际提供了有益借鉴。     

Electrode design using revolving entity extraction for high-efficiency electric discharge machining of integral shrouded blisk

The integral shrouded blisk provides better performance with minimum weight, but its semi-open structure presents problems for its production. Manufacturing processes of these components require a removal of about 70%-90% of material from their blanks. Multi-axis electrical discharge machining (EDM) is commonly used for these processes, but its poor efficiency cannot meet the requirements of mass production. Strong flushing assisted high-current discharge is able to improve the machining efficiency. In this paper, this method was applied to manufacture the integral shrouded blisk. An electrode design method was proposed. Taking the largest revolving entity inside the flow channel as the base geometry, this laminated arc-shaped hollow electrode meets the requirements such as high pressure flushing, tool wear compensation, and easy to be made. A 4-axis linkage machining tool path with planetary motion was proposed. Taking an integral guide vane ring as an example, it has been experimentally verified that the time consumption for each channel using this method was reduced to a half of the ordinary EDM method, while the finished surface quality remains same.     

Matching trajectory optimization and nonlinear tracking control for HALE

This paper concerns optimal trajectory generation and nonlinear tracking control for stratospheric airship platform of VIA-200. To compensate for the mismatch between the point-mass model of optimal trajectory and the 6-DOF model of the nonlinear tracking problem, a new matching trajectory optimization approach is proposed. The proposed idea reduces the dissimilarity of both problems and reduces the uncertainties in the nonlinear equations of motion for stratospheric airship. In addition, its refined optimal trajectories yield better results under jet stream conditions during flight. The resultant optimal trajectories of VIA-200 are full three-dimensional ascent flight trajectories reflecting the realistic constraints of flight conditions and airship performance with and without a jet stream. Finally, 6-DOF nonlinear equations of motion are derived, including a moving wind field, and the vectorial backstepping approach is applied. The desirable tracking performance is demonstrated that application of the proposed matching optimization method enables the smooth linkage of trajectory optimization to tracking control problems.     

The classical Laplace plane as a stable disposal orbit for geostationary satellites

The classical Laplace plane is a frozen orbit, or equilibrium solution for the averaged dynamics arising from Earth oblateness and lunisolar gravitational perturbations. The pole of the orbital plane of uncontrolled GEO satellites regress around the pole of the Laplace plane at nearly constant inclination and rate. In accordance with Friesen et al. (1993), we show how this stable plane can be used as a robust long-term disposal orbit. The current graveyard regions for end-of-life retirement of GEO payloads, which is several hundred kilometers above GEO depending on the spacecraft characteristics, cannot contain the newly discovered high area-to-mass ratio debris population. Such objects are highly susceptible to the effects of solar radiation pressure exhibiting dramatic variations in eccentricity and inclination over short periods of time. The Laplace plane graveyard, on the contrary, would trap this debris and would not allow these objects to rain down through GEO. Since placing a satellite in this inclined orbit can be expensive, we discuss some alternative disposal schemes that have acceptable cost-to-benefit ratios.     

优化转速旋翼性能分析与应用

旋翼转速的变化会对直升机性能产生重要影响,通过建立优化转速旋翼性能分析综合模型,包含PetersHe广义动态入流模型和全机配平模型,以国产现役某轻型直升机为例,分析前飞速度、起飞质量、飞行高度等对变转速旋翼转速优化路径的影响,分析变转速旋翼技术对提高直升机航时等性能的可能性。分析结果表明:通过合理降低旋翼转速,可以使最大起飞质量下的需用功率降低30%;起飞质量越轻、飞行高度越低,旋翼优化转速越低,需用功率降低越明显;通过优化转速完全消耗400kg燃油,通过优化旋翼转速,可使最大续航时间提高20.5%,最大航程提高8.5%;桨叶内段布置厚翼型能提高桨叶刚度,增加大速度时需用功率,但对中低速度飞行时总体性能影响较小,不影响长航时的优点。     

Effects of traverse speed on weld formation,microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy joint by bobbin tool friction stir welding

ZK60B (Mg-6% Zn-0.6% Zr) alloy joints fabricated by bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) with various traverse speeds were investigated. The sound joint fabricated by the BTFSW was possible under the appropriate welding parameters. The severe plastic deformation during BTFSW resulted in dispersion and segregation of the Zr-rich particles within the stirred zone (SZ) followed by evolution of a bimodal grain structure with distributed bands of 0.8–1.7 μm ultrafine grains and 4.1–7.1 μm equiaxed grains. Micro-hardness of SZ is substantially reduced in contrast to that of parent metal (PM) in spite of the finer grain size owing to dissolution of Mg-Zn based precipitates having hardening effects on alpha-Mg matrix. With the decrease in traverse speed, randomization degree of the plasticized metal flow increases, which is evidenced by the randomized arc line pattern at the low traverse speed. Among all defect-free joints, the 200 mm/min joint exhibits the weakest isotropy of texture within SZ and the best tensile properties, which has reduced ultimate tensile strength and yield strength by 5.4% and by 22.2%, respectively, as compared to the PM. The randomized texture hinders the joint fracturing within SZ at low elongation. Therefore, a relatively high elongation of 10.8% was achieved, which corresponded to 72% of the PM value.     

基于经验模态分解的地球同步轨道高能电子通量预报

在磁暴恢复相期间,大量相对论(高能)电子从磁层的外辐射带渗透到地球同步轨道区.其中> 2 MeV的高能电子能够穿透卫星表面并聚积在材料内部,导致卫星无法正常运行或完全损坏.磁暴期间的高能电子通量变化的非平稳与非线性特征十分明显.通过实验发现,经验模态分解法能够极大地降低高能电子通量非平稳性问题造成的预报影响.以2008-2009年的数据作为训练集,2010-2013年数据作为测试集.结果表明:2010-2013年的预报率约为0.84;在太阳活动较为复杂的2013年,预报率达到0.81.引入经验模态分解后预报效率得到显著提高.     

On the practical exploitation of perturbative effects in low Earth orbit for space debris mitigation

This paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of the natural lifetime reduction in low Earth orbit, due to dynamical perturbations. The study considers two values for the area-to-mass ratio, a nominal ratio which resembles a typical value of spacecraft in orbit today, and an enhanced ratio which covers the surface augmentation. The results were obtained with two orbit propagators, one of a semi-analytical nature and the second one using non-averaged equations of motion. The simulations for both propagators were set up similarly to allow comparison. They both use the solar radiation pressure and the secular terms of the geopotential ($J_2,J_4$ and $J_6$). The atmospheric drag was turned on and off in both propagators to alternatively study the eccentricity build up and the residual lifetime. The non-averaging case also covers a validation with the full 6?×?6 geopotential. The results confirm the findings in previous publications, that is, the possibility for de-orbiting from altitudes above the residual atmosphere if a solar sail is deployed at the end-of-life, due to the combined effect of solar radiation pressure and the oblateness of the Earth. At near polar inclinations, shadowing effects can be exploited to the same end. The results obtained with the full, non-averaging propagator revealed additional de-orbiting corridors associated with solar radiation pressure which were not found by previous work on space debris mitigation. The results of both tools are compared for specific initial conditions. For nominal values of area-to-mass ratio, instead, it is confirmed that this resonance effect is negligible.The paper then puts the findings in the perspective of the current satellite catalogue. It identifies space missions which are currently close to a resonance corridor and shows the orbit evolution within the resonances with a significantly shorter residual orbital lifetime. The paper finishes with a discussion on the exploitation of these effects with regards to the long-term simulation of the space debris environment and a flux and collision probability comparison.