The detection of “magnetic element” – Why we need a one-meter Space Solar Telescope

The nature of a magnetic element, the elemental structure of the solar magnetic field, is one of the most important mysteries in solar physics. In this paper, we will discuss the requirements of magnetic element detection, such as spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity. By these discussions, we conclude that it is almost impossible to detect magnetic element with currently used ground-based telescopes and techniques. The proposed Space Solar Telescope, a one-meter Chinese space project, can match these requirements.     

Non-Gaussian clutter characterization applied to OTHR using a mixture of two Rayleigh probability density functions

A practical technique for characterizing non-Gaussian radar clutter is specified and demonstrated using Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) data, as an example. The technique employs maximum likelihood to fit the probability density of the clutter amplitude returns to a mixture of two Rayleigh probability densities instead of the single Rayleigh density typically used for Gaussian clutter. This model for non-Gaussian clutter is fully specified for any set of clutter amplitudes by a log likelihood, two Rayleigh parameters, and a mixing coefficient. A 3D plot of these values yields an easily-visualized clutter characterization, as is illustrated using OTHR data. This technique is a demonstration of clutter characterization using OTHR data, but the method can be applied to characterize other types of clutter data.     

矢量二元收扩喷管热射流复杂流场特征研究

提出了一种二元收 扩矢量喷管的概念 ,用热射流实验台对二元矢量喷管进行了过膨胀状态下的喷管模型热态实验。测量了喷管壁面静压和喷管出口总压分布 ,用红外热成像技术给出了二元喷管热射流流场的清晰画面 ,并对流场特征进行了描述和分析。研究表明 ,在非设计状态 ,二元喷管管内有明显的流动分离现象 ,喷口射流总压严重畸变 ,在热射流流场中 ,射流流场呈现双势核结构。     

细编穿刺3DC／C材料双向应力试件的设计研究

通过有限元计算对细编穿刺三向碳／碳材料双向应力试件的设计进行了研究，完善了中心标定区大致为均匀应力场的结论，对中心标定区应力计算公式进行了改进，并对厚度比的影响、旁路的影响做了分析。对今后类似材料的强度准则工作提供重要的设计依据。     

国外TBCC发动机进气道设计和试验研究综述

跟踪研究了国外涡轮基组合循环(TBCC)发动机进气道技术的发展和应用现状,列举了典型的进气道设计方案,总结了TBCC发动机进气道的关键技术,如模态转换技术、不同工作模式匹配技术、流场控制技术以及一体化技术。TBCC发动机进气道需开展大量试验研究以突破技术瓶颈,国外针对性地开展了相关试验,并取得一定成果。二元可调进气道和三维内转式进气道,是TBCC发动机进气道的主要发展方向。     

部件冷却对二元俯仰矢量排气系统红外特征抑制实验

实验测试了采用中心锥气膜冷却和喷管冲击-气膜冷却的二元俯仰（2D-CD）矢量排气系统,在几何偏转0,10,20°三种角度下,壁面温度和红外辐射特征分布,并与未冷却状态进行了对比分析。结果表明:前密后疏的气膜孔排布形式可有效减小热侧面高温区域大小。中心锥冷却时,密流比为0.8条件下壁面冷却效率达45%~63%,排气系统尾向±10°范围内红外辐射强度下降20%;但是由于冷气流注入,导致下游壁面（隔热屏、喷管）温度升高,在30°探测方向上红外辐射强度上升15%。喷管冷却时,收敛段（密流比为0.25）冷却效率达19%~33%,扩张段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达75.5%~83.5%,侧壁段（密流比为0.65）冷却效率达78%~90%,导致在排气系统尾向15°~75°范围内,红外辐射强度下降30%以上,最大降幅达80%（几何偏转20°,宽边探测面30°探测方向）。      

Adaptive formation control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles with bounded control thrust

In this paper, the flight formation control problem of a group of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with parametric uncertainties and external disturbances is studied. Unit-quaternions are used to represent the attitudes of the quadrotor UAVs. Separating the model into a translational subsystem and a rotational subsystem, an intermediary control input is introduced to track a desired velocity and extract desired orientations. Then considering the internal parametric uncertainties and external disturbances of the quadrotor UAVs, the priori-bounded intermediary adaptive control input is designed for velocity tracking and formation keeping, by which the bounded control thrust and the desired orientation can be extracted. Thereafter, an adaptive con-trol torque input is designed for the rotational subsystem to track the desired orientation. With the proposed control scheme, the desired velocity is tracked and a desired formation shape is built up. Global stability of the closed-loop system is proven via Lyapunov-based stability analysis. Numer-ical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

二元矢量喷管内流特性的数值模拟

应用多重网格ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ显示格式对不同矢量角下二元喷管的流动进行了模拟分析。计算时,在细网络上采用了雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程和Ｋ－ε湍流模型方程;在粗网格上则采用Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程。数值计算给出了较清晰的流谱。壁面压力分布的计算值也与实验结果吻合。通过计算结果分析了喷管几何参数对流场的影响。所得结果显示出多重网格算法高效可靠,可用于开展参数研究     

测量三维湍流场的热线响应方程及热线校正方程

从Ｊｏｒｇｅｎｓｅｎ等效冷却速度公式出发推出了高阶精度的热线响应方程,它适用于密度不变低速条件下求解湍流场中时均速度和雷诺应力张量。应用该热线响应方程时不严格要求热线探头轴线与流场速度矢量完全一致,因此可简化热线测量的支撑和传动机构。导出的显式热线校正方程可保证校正精度。     

跨音叶栅三维激波损失的改进模型

在低展弦比、低轮毂比的轴流压气机中激波结构常常是三维的。叶尖区域的三维激波损失在整个流场的激波损失中占有十分重要的比例。Ｗｅｎｎｅｒｓｔｒｏｍ和Ｐｕｔｅｒｂａｕｇｈ于１９８４年推出的三维激波损失模型忽略了激波在叶尖区域的流动结构。通过分析叶尖区域的激波结构及其与机匣附面层流动的相互作用,提出了考虑叶尖区域激波与附面层相互作用所引起的激波结构及强度变化的跨音叶栅三维激波损失的改进模型,应用改进模型计算得出的结果和实验结果符合的很好。