On the practical exploitation of perturbative effects in low Earth orbit for space debris mitigation

This paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of the natural lifetime reduction in low Earth orbit, due to dynamical perturbations. The study considers two values for the area-to-mass ratio, a nominal ratio which resembles a typical value of spacecraft in orbit today, and an enhanced ratio which covers the surface augmentation. The results were obtained with two orbit propagators, one of a semi-analytical nature and the second one using non-averaged equations of motion. The simulations for both propagators were set up similarly to allow comparison. They both use the solar radiation pressure and the secular terms of the geopotential ($J_2,J_4$ and $J_6$). The atmospheric drag was turned on and off in both propagators to alternatively study the eccentricity build up and the residual lifetime. The non-averaging case also covers a validation with the full 6?×?6 geopotential. The results confirm the findings in previous publications, that is, the possibility for de-orbiting from altitudes above the residual atmosphere if a solar sail is deployed at the end-of-life, due to the combined effect of solar radiation pressure and the oblateness of the Earth. At near polar inclinations, shadowing effects can be exploited to the same end. The results obtained with the full, non-averaging propagator revealed additional de-orbiting corridors associated with solar radiation pressure which were not found by previous work on space debris mitigation. The results of both tools are compared for specific initial conditions. For nominal values of area-to-mass ratio, instead, it is confirmed that this resonance effect is negligible.The paper then puts the findings in the perspective of the current satellite catalogue. It identifies space missions which are currently close to a resonance corridor and shows the orbit evolution within the resonances with a significantly shorter residual orbital lifetime. The paper finishes with a discussion on the exploitation of these effects with regards to the long-term simulation of the space debris environment and a flux and collision probability comparison.     

基于自适应的月球着陆器悬停避障方法

摘要： 考虑质量和推力不确定性,月球着陆器在悬停避障时将难以快速稳定到设计高度.为解决此问题,提出一种基于自适应的高精度悬停避障方法,其核心是利用位置测量作为观测器的输入,对质量和推力不确定性进行快速估计和补偿.与基于PID的方案相比,该方案具有估计速度更快的优点,能够快速实现高精度的悬停避障控制.最后对所提方法给出仿真验证.     

高超声速飞行器无在线求导backstepping控制方法

针对高超声速飞行器纵向通道跟踪控制问题,提出一种无需对虚拟控制量进行在线求导的新型backstepping控制方法.首先将飞行器动力学模型划分为速度子系统和航迹倾角子系统,然后采用backstepping方法设计航迹倾角子系统控制器,利用高阶微分器技术直接设计虚拟控制量一阶导数的控制律,这样即避免了现有backstep...     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

KNi10真空钎焊ODS高温合金MGH956组织和性能研究

针对新型ODS高温合金MGH956开展钎焊工艺研究,采用自制钎料KNi10对该材料进行了系统的工艺研究。在焊缝间隙20μm、1240℃/10min的工艺参数下,实现了接头1000℃高温拉伸强度达到母材的90%左右。     

压气机转子叶片的抑颤设计

为了建立适用于工程设计的叶片抑颤方法,以一高压压气机转子叶片为对象开展了叶片颤振特性与其结构参数的关联性研究。采用基于相位延迟边界条件的能量法和特征值法对原转子叶片模型的气动弹性稳定性进行评估,通过分析近失速工况下的非定常气动功密度分布,对叶片安装角沿径向分布、弦长和叶尖间隙等设计参数进行调整,以明确各参数对气动弹性稳定性的影响,最终达到提高气动阻尼的目的。研究结果表明:叶尖间隙对气动阻尼的影响较大,安装角次之,弦长影响相对较小。叶片气动阻尼随叶尖间隙的变化并非单调,而是存在一个叶尖间隙使其气动阻尼最小,即叶片气动弹性稳定性最差。减小进口气流攻角和增加折合频率,能够提高气动阻尼,设计中可以通过调节安装角来减小气流攻角,增加弦长来增大折合频率。考虑到对叶片气动性能的影响,在调节安装角时通常要保证进口气流攻角的改变量不超过5°,调节弦长和叶尖间隙时要保证各结构构件不发生碰摩。     

大功率离子推力器和流动控制单元验证现状 及其2000小时寿命试验

为了发展基于电推进的大功率空间运输系统,需要开发和验证功率达数十千瓦的电推进系统,深空任务电推进系统优化的比冲要求高达10⁵s。凯尔迪什研究中心（KeRC）正在开发这样的电推进部件。本文概述了 35kW离子推力器 IT-500及其流动单元FCU-500的验证现状。作为其验证的一部分,完成了IT-500 和 FCU-500的2000h寿命试验。其中,离子推力器大部分验证条件是：输入功率17.8kW,使用了40kg氙,2018h寿命试验。本文介绍了磁场和离子光学以及石墨格栅开发现状。     

高转速转静盘腔流动换热相似性数值研究

为了得到高转速转静盘腔流动换热实验中的相似准则,在定几何、变物性、可压缩和有耗散的情况下,对转静盘腔中的控制方程进行无量纲化,得到了除无量纲位置外的8个无量纲准则数.并以高转速转静盘腔模型为基础,采用数值方法对影响发动机工况(高温)和实验工况(常温)换热相似性的主要无量纲准则数进行了研究.研究表明:流动雷诺数、旋转雷诺...     

低温风洞应用与发展探讨

简要讨论了低温风洞提高雷诺数的原理。分析了应用低温风洞进行高雷诺数气动试验、飞行器热喷流模拟及高雷诺数／高格拉晓夫数／高温比对流换热模拟试验的原理和特点,从中可以看到应用低温风洞进行这类试验的突出优点及其对发展航空航天科学的重要意义。重点讨论中国发展低温风洞的可行途径,对低温风洞的一些特殊关键技术,如工作温度选择、制冷系统、绝热系统、风洞模型、试验参数测量等进行了详尽探讨。     

跨音速叶轮机械叶片的完全三维设计方法

设计方法由一种平面叶栅跨音速流动反问题推广得到,其特点是既计及叶片气动性能,又能在一定程度上兼顾强度、冷却、工艺等方面的要求。由于应用了一种适合叶轮机械中三维流动特点的广义ＶｏｎＭｉｓｅｓ坐标系,克服了反问题所特有的求解域边界不定的困难;并使正问题计算和反问题设计统一在同一算法之中。典型算例的结果表明：提出的跨音速叶片完全三维设计理论模型是合理的。