锚固站数量及布局对导航星座自主定轨影响分析

针对导航星座自主定轨中的星座整体旋转问题,采用增设少量地面锚固站的方法可有效解决该问题。通过推导星地距离对卫星轨道升交点赤经的偏导数,证明了星地距离对卫星轨道升交点赤经可观。仅考虑在我国大陆范围内布设锚固站的条件下,仿真分析了锚固站数量以及布局对导航星座自主定轨精度的影响。仿真实验结果表明:采用3个以上的锚固站,即可有效控制星座整体旋转,在14d的仿真时段内卫星自主定轨精度保持4m以内;锚固站数量越多,自主定轨精度越高,但随着锚固站数量的增加,自主定轨精度改善程度越来越小;在保持4个锚固站的情形下,采用不同的锚固站布局方案,自主定轨精度并无明显差别。     

国产元器件高可靠装联常见问题及其启示

针对航天高可靠、长寿命电子产品用国产元器件,通过近年元器件国产化的应用实践,从电子装联的角度,对元器件国产化过程中的常见共性问题进行了分析和总结,并浅谈了元器件国产化过程中这些问题对我们的启示及后续应注意的问题及相关建议。     

SAR图像匹配制导精度影响因素分析

合成孔径雷达（SAR）具有高分辨率、全天候等优点,是提高精确制导武器制导精度的有力工具。制导精度是精确制导武器的重要性能指标,影响SAR制导系统精度的主要因素有实时图的获取误差及预处理误差、图像匹配误差、惯导测量误差、SAR制导特殊弹道引起的导航制导的误差。概述了SAR图像匹配制导系统精度的相关研究,对比和分析了这些研究和结论,指出了该研究存在的问题和发展方向。     

航空齿轮磨削加工安装偏心误差补偿研究

磨齿加工时齿坯几何中心与回转工作台轴心存在安装偏心误差,降低了磨齿加工精度。以数控成型砂轮磨齿机工作原理为基础,建立偏心误差磨削加工几何模型;提出安装偏心误差补偿法,建立偏心误差补偿数学模型,通过数学模型求出磨削砂轮在X、Y两个方向的进给补偿增量;以YK73125数控成型砂轮磨齿机为例,进行安装偏心误差补偿实验,齿轮的左右齿面单个齿距极限偏差绝对值分别减小了0.9μm和1.6μm,齿距累积总偏差绝对值分别减小了49.6μm和43.3μm。结果表明:安装偏心误差与单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差成正比;采用安装偏心误差补偿进行磨齿加工,有效地减小了单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差,齿轮的精度有所提高。     

气流激励下叶片的高周疲劳概率寿命预估

航空发动机中叶片振动引起的高循环疲劳失效是尤为突出的问题,将概率方法引入叶片高周疲劳寿命预估是叶片高周疲劳问题研究的重要途径。建立了叶片系统的概率疲劳积累损伤模型,由求得的振动应力出发,提出了一套完整的气流激励下叶片高周疲劳概率寿命的预估方法,分析中可以量化各种不确定因素对振动应力和疲劳寿命的影响,包括模态特征的不确定性和激励特征的不确定性。结合具体工程算例,分析得到某小型发动机二级静叶在工作转速下随工作时间增长的概率疲劳积累损伤,并给出了对应的工作可靠性。     

喷嘴特性对双旋流燃烧室出口温度分布影响的实验研究

本文以双旋流全环燃烧室为试验对象,在高温高压试验条件下,通过调整全环燃油喷嘴的流量离散度和径向位置来研究其对出口温度分布的影响。试验结果表明,当喷嘴燃油流量离散度控制在±4%以内时,采用简单的大、小流量喷嘴间隔搭配的方案即可保证出口温度分布的均匀性;当燃油流量离散度放大到4%～8%时,采用本实验研究的搭配方案仍可保证出口温度分布的均匀性;当燃油流量离散度放大到10%时,通过调整喷嘴搭配方案已经无法保证出口温度分布均匀性。燃油喷嘴径向位置较火焰筒头部中心线偏离旋流杯腔道高度的11.5%以内时,不影响出口温度分布的均匀性。     

差分 GPS 鉴定地基雷达测量系统精度的方法研究

提出了利用差分ＧＰＳ分析地面雷测系统跟踪误差的思想,详细分析了各种误差源,建立了一组简洁的差分ＧＰＳ模型,构造了测量数据的比对分析算法以及具有良好抗野值能力的误差偏差最优统计算法,并利用模拟数据进行了仿真计算     

Semi-analytical investigations of high area-to-mass ratio geosynchronous space debris including Earth’s shadowing effects

This paper investigates the long-term perturbations of the orbits of geosynchronous space debris influenced by direct radiation pressure including the Earth’s shadowing effects. For this purpose, we propose an extension of our homemade semi-analytical theory [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Deleflie, F. Semi-analytical theory of mean orbital motion for geosynchronous space debris under gravitational influence. Adv. Space Res., submitted for publication], based on the method developed by Aksnes [Aksnes, K. Short-period and long-period perturbations of a spherical satellite due to direct solar radiation. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 13, 89–104, 1976] and generalized into a more convenient non-singular formalism. The perturbations accounting for the direct radiation pressure with the Earth’s shadow are computed on a revolution-by-revolution basis, retaining the original osculating Hamiltonian disturbing function. In this framework, we compute the non-singular mean longitude at shadow entry and shadow exit at every orbital revolution in opposition to classical approaches where the singular eccentric anomalies at shadow entry and shadow exit are computed. This new algorithm is developed using non-singular variables. Consequently, it is particularly suitable for both near-circular and near-equatorial orbits as well as orbits which transit periodically around null eccentricities and null inclinations.The algorithm is tested by means of numerical integrations of the equations, averaged over the short periods, including radiation pressure, J₂, the combined Moon and Sun third body attraction as well as the long-term effects of the 1:1 resonance occurring for geosynchronous objects. As an extension of [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Anselmo, L. Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios influenced by solar radiation pressure. Adv. Space Res., doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.025, 2007b], we especially apply our analysis to space debris with area-to-mass as high as 20 m²/kg. This paper provides numerical and semi-analytical investigations leading to a deep understanding of the long-term evolution of the semi-major axis. Finally, these semi-analytical investigations are compared with accurate numerical integrations of the osculating equations of motion over time scales as high as 25 years.     

Investigation of natural and artificial stimulation of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator at high latitude

A brief review is provided of recent progress in understanding the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) at high latitude. Firstly, naturally occurring resonances of the IAR as detected by pulsation magnetometers in the auroral zone at Sodankylä and in the polar cap at Barentsburg are considered. The characteristics of the IAR in the two regions are broadly similar, although the effects of solar illumination are less clear at the higher latitudes. Secondly we review recent attempts to stimulate the IAR through high-power radio frequency experiments both in the auroral zone at Tromsø with the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) heater, and within the polar cap at Longyearbyen with the Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) facility. In the auroral zone at, Tromsø the stimulated IAR has been observed by ground-based magnetometers, and through electron acceleration observed on the FAST spacecraft. At SPEAR in the polar cap, the stimulated IAR has been investigated, with ground magnetometers, with the first results indicative of a positive detection.     

弯曲/倾斜叶片对大展弦比涡轮气动性能影响

为了获得弯曲/倾斜导叶对大展弦比低压涡轮气动性能的影响,通过求解基于耦合转捩SST湍流模型的雷诺平均N-S方程组,对GE-E3低压涡轮叶栅的进行了全三维粘性定常与非定常数值模拟。研究了弯曲/倾斜导叶对涡轮级效率的影响,分析了对导叶叶栅气动性能、导叶扩散因子与边界层发展的作用,以及对下游动叶气动性能和动叶吸力面流动特性的影响。结果表明,正弯导叶减小了二次流损失却带了更大的叶型损失,降低了涡轮级效率,而正倾斜改变了上下端壁的二次流损失分配,对总的叶型损失影响较小,在一定角度下能够改善大展弦比涡轮叶栅的气动性能。