双向梯度复合材料裂纹尖端应力强度因子研究

为了进一步改善梯度复合材料力学分析及设计水平,推导了一种适用于双向梯度复合材料断裂特性分析的梯度扩展单元法(XFEM).采用细观力学方法描述材料沿梯度方向变化的力学属性,通过线性插值位移场给出了4节点梯度扩展单元随空间位置变化的刚度矩阵,建立了结构的连续梯度有限元模型,并采用交互能量积分计算得到了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子(SIF).通过与已有文献结果对比验证了梯度扩展单元的优越性,并讨论了双向梯度结构中相关参数对SIF的影响规律,得到结论:梯度扩展单元能够提高梯度材料中裂纹尖端SIF的计算精度,其计算结果随着网格密度的增加迅速收敛于精确解;双向梯度结构的组份分布形式和属性梯度能够明显影响裂纹尖端的SIF;对于多裂纹双向梯度结构,裂纹间的相互作用增大了裂纹尖端的SIF,弹性模量大的一侧SIF较大.     

Using land use change trajectories to quantify the effects of urbanization on urban heat island

This paper proposed a quantitative method of land use change trajectory, which means the succession among different land use types across time, to examine the effects of urbanization on an urban heat island (UHI). To accomplish this, multi-temporal images from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) of Xiamen City in China from 1987 to 2007 were selected. First, the land use change trajectories were extracted based on the classified images from different years. Then the land surface temperatures (LST) were retrieved and the magnitudes of the UHI were evaluated using the UHI intensity (UHII) indicator. Finally, the indices of the contribution to UHI intensity (CUHII) were constructed and calculated to quantify the effects of each land use change trajectory on the UHI during urbanization. The results demonstrated that the land use change trajectories and CUHII are effective and useful in quantifying the effects of urbanization on UHI. In Xiamen City, a total of 2218 land use change trajectories were identified and 530 of them were the existing urban or urbanization trajectories. The UHII presents a trend of continuous increase from 0.83 °C in 1987 to 2.14 °C in 2007. With respect to the effects of urban growth on UHI, the contribution of existing urban area to UHI decreased during urbanization. Prior to 2007, the existing urban area of trajectory NO. 44444 had the most significant effect on UHI with the greatest CUHII, while the value has decreased from 55.00% in 1987 to 13.03% in 2007 because of the addition of new urbanized area. In 2007, the greatest CUHII was replaced by a trajectory from farmland to built-up area (NO. 22224) with the CUHII of 21.98%, followed by the existing urban area of trajectory NO. 44444 with the CUHII of 13.03%. These results provide not only a new methodology to assess the environmental effects of urbanization, but also decision-supports for the planning and management of cities.     

Aerodynamic characteristics of unsymmetrical aerofoil at various turbulence intensities

A series of wind tunnel tests were performed to investigate the effect of turbulent inflows on the aerodynamic characteristics of the unsymmetrical airfoil at various turbulence intensities and Reynolds number. To assess the aerodynamic characteristics, surface pressure measurements were made over the unsymmetrical airfoil surface by using a simultaneous pressure scanner MPS4264 of Scanivalve make. Self-generated passive grids made of parallel arrays of round bars were placed at four different locations to generate various Turbulence Intensities (TI) in the wind tunnel. The location of the passive grid has been normalized in terms of considering the distance between the entry of the test section and the leading edge of the model. Based on the wind tunnel results, by comparing the baseline without grid low turbulence case TI = 0.51% with other turbulence generated cases like TI = 4.68%, 4.73%, 6.04% and 8.46% at different Reynolds number, it is found that the coefficient of lift increases with the increase in the turbulence intensity. Results also reveal that the flow featuring turbulence can effectively delay the stall characteristics of an airfoil by attaching the flow over the airfoil for an extended region. Additionally, attempts were made to understand the influence of turbulence on the aerodynamic hysteresis.     

原子氧与飞行器表面撞击的束流强度和能量

原子氧是低地球轨道飞行器经受的重要环境因素。作用到不同姿态表面的原子氧的束流强度和能量不同。文章采用热力学统计物理方法,考虑了飞行器的运动和原子氧的热运动速度,建立了原子氧与飞行器表面作用的模型;对不同攻角的原子氧束流强度和作用能量进行了分析、计算;并与美国长期空间暴露试验装置实测的结果进行了比较;分析了产生差异的原因。     

飞机整体翼梁结构断裂特性分析研究

研究飞机整体翼梁结构的损伤容限特性,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,计算不同结构参数下应力强度因子,并根据最大拉应力理论确定裂纹扩展轨迹.分别讨论裂纹按照直线轨迹扩展和按照最大拉应力理论确定的轨迹扩展对应力强度因子的影响,并进行了分析比较.研究了整体翼梁结构腹板厚度及止裂筋条结构参数变化对应力强度因子及裂纹扩展轨迹的影响.     

椭圆孔边角裂纹应力强度因子的权函数求解方法

 飞机结构中一些用作检查的开口常常设计为椭圆孔,椭圆孔边三维裂纹应力强度因子的计算是该类结构损伤容限分析的关键技术。应用组合法思想构造了椭圆孔边裂纹的权函数,给出片条合成法求解含椭圆孔边三维角裂纹应力强度因子的求解方法,计算了椭圆孔边角裂纹受远方拉伸情况下的应力强度因子,研究了椭圆孔曲率半径对应力强度因子的影响,给出可供工程参考的结果和结论。     

裂纹尖端应力强度因子计算方法的工程应用研究

对有限元商用软件ANSYS的三维应力强度因子的计算方法进行了研究,并采用标准试题验证了该软件的计算精度。研究结果表明,ANSYS程序裂纹尖端应力强度因子计算方法的计算精度可以满足工程设计和分析需要。     

民用飞机设备舱舱门导电橡胶屏蔽效能研究

通过理论计算和软件仿真相结合的方法,给出了民用飞机电子电气设备舱高强度辐射场(HIRF)条件下的腔体谐振特性,并对腔体内部电磁场进行仿真。通过对比舱门缝隙导电橡胶屏蔽效能的仿真结果,给出了电子电气设备舱不同状态下的电磁场分布结果,为电子电气舱舱门屏蔽设计提供技术支持。     

斜裂纹航空液压直管振动特性分析

为了研究含裂纹航空液压直管的振动响应特性,防止液压管路系统出现灾难性失效,针对液压直管可能出现的斜裂纹故障,考虑剪切力以及剪切系数的影响,推导出斜裂纹液压直管的局部柔度系数表达式,从而建立斜裂纹液压直管流固耦合有限元模型.利用Newmark-β积分法求解了液压直管的振动响应,将数值计算结果与试验测试结果对比分析,验证了...     

压电陶瓷柱体中裂纹前缘场分析

为了揭示含裂纹的压电陶瓷介质在机械载荷作用下裂纹前缘的力学和电学的奇异行为,以一承受扭矩的压电陶瓷柱体为例,求得了其中所含的圆币形裂纹前缘的应力场和电场移场。