基于中值滤波和参考点的风洞压敏涂料试验图像处理技术

提出了一种结合图像中值滤波和试件参考点的风洞压敏涂料（PSP）试验图像数据处理方法。与通常用校准箱获取校准曲线进而得到PSP试验试件表面压力或压力系数（Cp）的方法不同，该方法通过空心中值滤波技术恢复PSP光强比图像中测压孔处的光强比数据，结合若干参考点处常规测压技术实测所得Cp值，获得Cp值和PSP图像光强比数据的关系曲线，进而得到整个试件表面的Cp值数据，该方法获得的数据结合了风洞试验诸多因素对试验结果的影响。利用MATLAB对PSP技术试验图像数据进行了处理，并将PSP方法获得的Cp值与常规测压方法获得的Cp值进行了比较，得到的结果显示，笔者采用的方法获得的Cp值与常规测压方法获得的Cp值吻合较好。该方法为PSP图像数据的处理提供了一种新的方法，具有较大的发展潜力和应用价值。     

应力强度因子的区间分析方法

 传统上用来处理不确定性问题比较有效的方法是概率分析方法,本文应用区间分析方法对具有不确定参数的应力强度因子进行估计。该方法以区间数学为基础,将不确定参数描述为区间变量;再利用Taylor级数展开通过区间运算得到应力强度因子的区间范围,从而为工程设计提供可信的数据。区间分析方法优于传统的概率分析方法的是：它不需要预先知道关于不确定参数大量的统计数据信息,并且具有计算方法简便、实用和精度高的特点。最后,通过对两种裂纹情况的计算将区间分析方法和传统的概率分析方法进行比较,说明了该方法的有效性。     

三维裂纹整体参数化模化方法

发展一种独立于几何结构基于参数设计的三维平片裂纹扩展有限元模拟通用方法.该方法通过包含整个裂纹面的镶嵌裂纹模型,具有裂纹体自动形成,模拟裂纹多自由度扩展的能力.通过多个典型的工程裂纹扩展模拟算例,说明该方法的精度、效率与通用性.      

Selection of candidate salad vegetables for controlled ecological life support system

Higher plants, as one of the essential biological components of CELSS, can supply food, oxygen and water for human crews during future long-duration space missions and Lunar/Mars habitats. In order to select suitable leaf vegetable varieties for our CELSS Experimental Facility (CEF), five varieties of lettuce (“Nenlvnaiyou”, “Dasusheng”, “Naichoutai”, “Dongfangkaixuan” and “Siji”), two of spinach (“Daye” and “Quanneng”), one of rape (“Jingyou No. 1”) and one of common sowthistle were grown and compared on the basis of edible biomass, and nutrient content. In addition, two series of experiments were conducted to study single leaf photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates at 30 days after planting, one which used various concentrations of CO₂ (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μmol mol⁻¹) and another which used various light intensities (100, 300, 500 and 700 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Results showed that lettuce cvs. “Nenlvnaiyou”, “Siji” and “Dasusheng” produced higher yields of edible biomass; common sowthisle would be a good source of β-carotene for the diet. Based on the collective findings, we selected three varieties of lettuce (“Nenlvnaiyou”, “Dasusheng” and “Siji”) and one of common sowthistle as the candidate crops for further research in our CEF. In addition, elevated CO₂ concentration increased the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, and elevated light intensity increased the rate of photosynthesis for these varieties. These results can be useful for determining optimal conditions for controlling CO₂ and water fluxes between the crops and the overall CELSS.     

粒子拖尾长度对高频DPIV测量误差的影响

基于连续激光源的高采样频率DPIV系统在进行曝光时可能会产生粒子拖尾现象。明渠湍流试验和数值模拟试验结果显示，粒子拖尾长度的增加会导致平均流速减小和湍流强度增大。分析表明，导致平均流速误差的原因之一是诊断窗口边缘局部粒子图像的缺失，且图像缺失程度会随着粒子拖尾长度增加而增大，从而使平均速度随粒子拖尾长度增加而减小；粒子拖尾的另一个直接后果是增大了粒子图像的有效粒径，从而导致湍流强度增大。通过增大第二个诊断窗口的尺寸，进行相关函数标准化和相关系数补偿等方法，可以消除粒子拖尾长度引起的误差。     

MSD薄板疲劳寿命预测

结合工程中应用最为广泛的Paris公式对多裂纹板的疲劳寿命进行了预计,计算结果与现有试验结果比较吻合,表明了该方法的可行性。由于力学响应的计算采用有限元方法,所以该方法适用于裂纹任意分布的多部位损伤板,可直接用于工程实际结构。     

一种等应力强度因子试件

计算了含中心裂纹的矩形板(高为2H,宽为2W)的应力强度因子。板的对称面内距离为2y_0的两点承受大小相等方向相反的一对集中力P作用。采用的分析方法是含待定常数的复应力函数与广义变分原理相结合的方法。此复应力函数精确地满足裂纹表面的边界条件,其余边界条件由广义变分原理近似地满足。 当H=2W,y_0=0.3W,a=(0.2-0.45)W(a为半裂纹长度),计算结果表明,应力强度因子近似为一个常值,它取1.938P/(πW)~(1/2),相对误差小于0.75％。 若采用上述几何尺寸的试件测试疲劳裂纹扩展常数,将可大大简化试验程序和试验数据处理工作。     

某雷达模拟器的目标与杂波信号模拟强度研究

建立了雷达模拟器中目标、地物杂波、海杂波、气象杂波的信号强度计算模型,根据相对运动关系解算出各目标与杂波信号的强度,并按时间流程存储在对应的数据表中,从而信号源将产生相应强度的信号注入雷达模拟台,以便后端雷达模拟台能在雷达威力覆盖范围内准确地显示出目标与杂波强度变化。通过仿真软件在雷达训练模拟器中的功能测试,实现了目标与杂波仿真效果,满足了雷达模拟训练的要求。     

Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta,Vietnam using time-series MODIS data

Information on rice growing areas is important for policymakers to devise agricultural plans. This research explores the monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam (from 2001 to 2007) using time-series MODIS NDVI 250-m data. Data processing includes three steps: (1) noise is filtered from the time-series NDVI data using empirical mode decomposition (EMD); (2) endmembers are extracted from the filtered time-series data and trained in a linear mixture model (LMM) for classification of rice cropping systems; and (3) classification results are verified by comparing them with the ground-truth and statistical data. The results indicate that EMD is a good filter for noise removal from the time-series data. The classification results confirm the validity of LMM, giving an overall accuracy of 90.1% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7. The lowest producer and user accuracies were associated with single crop rain-fed rice class due to the mixed pixel problems. A strong yearly correlation at the district level was revealed in the MODIS-derived areas (R² ? 0.9). Investigation of interannual changes in rice cropping intensity from 2001 to 2007 showed a remarkable conversion from double to triple crop irrigated rice from 2001 to 2003, especially in the Thoai Son and Phu Tan districts. A big conversion from triple crop rice back to double crop rice cultivation was also observed in Phu Tan from 2005 to 2006. These changes were verified by visual interpretation of Landsat images and examination of NDVI profiles.     

27-day variations of the galactic cosmic ray intensity and anisotropy in the minimum of the 23rd solar activity cycle

We study the 27-day variations of the solar wind velocity, galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity and anisotropy in the last minimum epoch of solar activity (2007–2009, A < 0). The average amplitude of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray anisotropy (A27A) in the current minimum epoch of solar activity (2007–2009, A < 0) is lesser than in previous positive polarity period as it is expected from the drift theory. So, polarity dependence rule for the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy is fully kept. It is a universal principle for the amplitudes of the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy. At the same time, the average amplitude of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity (A27I) remains at the same level as for previous minimum epoch 1995–1997 (A > 0) showing by the same token an violation of its polarity dependence rule established earlier. We assume that this phenomenon could be generally related with the well established 27-day variation of the solar wind velocity being in anti-correlation with the similar changes of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity. Generally, a character of the heliolongitudinal asymmetry of spatial large-scale structure of the solar wind velocity (SWV) established in the recent minimum epoch, preferentially pronounces in the behavior of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity than anisotropy. The formation of the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy preferentially takes place in a restricted disk like local vicinity in the helioequatorial region, whilst the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity is formed in the global three dimensional vicinity of the heliosphere.