初始气孔率热老化试验研究与应用——预测固体推进剂贮存寿命的一种新方法

通过对固体推进剂药柱进行初始气孔率热老化试验研究,探讨了用累积损伤方法来预测药柱贮存寿命, 提出了一种准确、经济、方便地提前预测药柱贮存寿命的新方法和新技术     

From Coma Abundances to Nucleus Composition

A major goal of comet research is to determine conditions in the outer solar nebula based on the chemical composition and structure of comet nuclei. The old view was to use coma abundances directly for the chemical composition of the nucleus. However, since the composition of the coma changes with heliocentric distance, r, the new view is that the nucleus composition msut be determined from analysis of coma mixing ratios as a function of r. Taking advantage of new observing technology and the early detection of the very active Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) allows us to determine the coma mixing ratios over a large range of heliocentric distances. In our analysis we assume three sources for the coma gas: (1) the surface of the nucleus (releasing water vapor), (2) the interior of the porous nucleus (releasing many species more volatile than water), and (3) the distributed source (releasing gases from ices and hydrocarbon polycondensates trapped and contained in coma dust). Molecules diffusing inside the nucleus are sublimated by heat transported into the interior. The mixing ratios in the coma are modeled assuming various chemical compositions and structural parameters of the spinning nucleus as it moves in its orbit from large heliocentric distance through perihelion. We have combined several sets of observational data of Comet Hale-Bopp for H₂O (from OH) and CO, covering the spectrum range from radio to UV. Many inconsistencies in the data were uncovered and reported to the observers for a reanalysis. Since post-perihelion data are still sparse, we have combined pre- and post-perihelion data. The resulting mixing ratio of CO relative to H₂O as a function of r is presented with a preliminary analysis that still needs to be expanded further. Our fit to the data indicates that the total CO release rate (from the nucleus and distributed sources) relative to that of H₂O is 30% near perihelion. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

燃烧室主燃孔下游气膜绝热温比研究

对单个主燃孔射流下游的缝槽气膜绝热温比进行的实验研究中，采用了CO2传热传质类比方法测量气膜的绝热温比，考虑了三种气膜吹风比和两种主燃孔射流动量比，研究结果表明：主燃孔射的引入破坏了气膜的完整性，相对于正常气膜的绝热温比值，主燃孔射流正下游区域的气膜绝热温比大幅度下降，在横向偏离主燃孔射流较远的下游区域，气膜绝热温比有一定程度的下降；气膜吹风比对气膜绝热温比的下降有较大影响，而主燃孔射流对气膜绝热温比下降影响小。     

喷射角对涡轮叶栅端壁气膜冷却传热的影响

在大尺寸低速平面叶栅风洞中,对前缘上游有单排气膜孔的涡轮导向叶栅端壁气膜冷却进行了详细的传热实验。在喷射角为25°,35°和45°以及吹风比为1,2,3下测量了端壁面上的局部冷却效率和换热系数,并由此计算出了叶栅实际工作状态下的端壁热负荷。着重研究了喷射角对端壁气膜冷却的影响。数据表明减小喷射角度虽然能够显著的提高冷却效率,但同时也明显的增大了换热系数,最终的冷却效果取决于端壁热负荷的大小。     

防热复合材料抗粒子侵蚀特性研究

研究了含钨Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料、细编穿刺Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料等防热材料抗粒子侵蚀性能及其形貌特征。针对试验结果,探讨了目前侵蚀性能试验存在的问题。指出不同种类的防热复合材料在不同试验条件下表现出不同的抗粒子侵蚀机理和形貌特征,以侵蚀系数Ｃｎ值表征不同防热材料抗粒子侵蚀能力的大小具有不直观性。     

高硅氧/酚醛喷管扩张段的温度场计算与测定

本文通过圆柱座标系径向瞬时热传导偏微分方程,对喷管硅基内衬扩张段进行了温度分布数值计算.喷管结构是以石墨为喉衬,高硅氧/酚醛为收敛段、扩张段内衬,并为喉部背衬;壳体是钢.计算中考虑材料烧蚀时形成炭化层、热解层、原始材料层等多层结构,以及烧蚀边界的退移和材料物性随温度的变化.通过座标变换,将移动边界问题转化为定边界问题,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

加权变系数的瞬态导热有限元法

研究了两点时间差分格式的瞬态导热温度场有限元法数值解的稳定性和振荡现象,推导出消除振荡的方法:将时间差分格式的加权系数σ与时间步长△t分别和温度振荡联系起来,得出变σ和变△t的函数关系式。      

航空发动机热端部件隔热陶瓷涂层应用研究

针对涡轮导向器叶片和转子叶片隔热陶瓷涂层的结构体系及喷涂工艺技术发展,等离子和电子束物理气相沉积（ＥＢ－ＰＶＤ）涂层优缺点,涂层失效机理、涂层界面强度特性分析及寿命分析方法进行了阐述。并针对国内隔热涂层研究的现状及所做的初步研究工作,对我国隔热陶瓷涂层的发展提出了看法。     

化学热泵系统研究

介绍了化学热泵系统的工作原理, 对不同工作方式下的性能进行了热力学分析。着重研究了化学热泵系统代替蒸汽压缩式循环系统的可能性, 指出了系统的COP和单位反应器体积或单位质量吸收剂的功率是两个决定性的因素。讨论了为改善化学热泵系统性能可供采取的技术途径。分析结果表明, 化学热泵系统作为蒸汽压缩循环系统的替代物是很有可能的。      

烃类火箭燃料(煤油)传热试验

本文介绍了煤油传热试验结果及沉积物形成的速率,分析了烃类燃料的冷却特点。