Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

HKJ涂料的新进展及其应用

在原 HKJ-1、HKJ-2基础上使用了更优异的颜料,适宜的助剂,用恰当的比例,制成双组份的 HKJ-2涂料,同时开发出了新型的 HKJ-3涂料,并将其涂覆于 HKJ-2表面。文章还列表比较了国内、国外的同类涂料,证明 HKJ-2和 HKJ-3涂料处于领先水平。     

盾构隧道衬砌结构设计方法研究

本文回顾了隧道结构理论与方法研究,综述了目前国内外常用的方法,即惯用法、修正惯用法、多铰环法和梁-弹簧模型法,介绍了壳-弹簧模型,最后提出了岩土介质-盾构隧道有限元体系。     

涡轮叶片内部微小V肋-凹陷涡复合冷却流动与传热数值模拟

为强化航空发动机涡轮叶片内冷通道传热性能,针对带有微小V肋-凹陷涡高效复合冷却结构矩形通道,采用Abe Kondoh Nagano （AKN） k-ε湍流模型数值模拟研究了肋高与凹陷深度组合对流动传热特性的影响机理。结果表明,当凹陷深度一定,复合结构的强化换热效果随肋高增加而增加,3mm肋高复合结构的传热相比纯凹陷提高了87.1%;当肋高一定,传热随凹陷深度增加先增强后基本保持不变,6mm深凹陷复合结构相比纯V肋提高了52.8%。通过在凹陷上游布置V肋,增强了越过V肋冲入凹陷内流体的湍动能,从而使凹陷前部回流区减小;同时来自微小V肋的涡流与凹陷内部的涡流相互作用,增强了整个流场的动量和热量输运,使通道换热均匀,并相较纯凹陷或纯V肋结构均有显著提升。     

含摩擦和加热的跨声速流动数值模拟研究

喷管中跨声速流动的反应流体动力学是实验和理论研究的一个重要领域.本文主要由两部分构成,在第一部分中对文献[2]中的Murman格式[1]的一般形式进行了简化,得到了守恒形式的欧拉方程,并对其求解方法进行了讨论,同时针对Chattot等的工作展开了分析,并给出了带激波的流动计算结果;而文章的第二部分则研究了包含摩擦、加热以及耗散的跨声速流动,并重点关注了一步Arrhenius化学反应模型下的爆震现象.本文还探究了摩擦力和带燃烧的跨声速流动之间的相互作用,同时详细给出了新的欧拉方程数值求解算法并同已有文献算例进行了对比验证.     

45CrNiMo1V超高强度钢研制及应用

介绍了４５ＣｒＮｉＭｏ１Ｖ超高强度钢的相变温度、冷却转变曲线、热处理工艺参数，物理性能、冷成形和焊接工艺性能及应用状况。为应用该钢提供了有用的试验数据。     

放置倾角对轴向槽道热管传热特性影响的实验研究

对常温梯形轴向槽道热管在不同放置倾角下的传热特性进行了实验研究，着重分析了热管的放置倾角对轴向温度分布、最大轴向温差、总热阻、当量换热系数、最大传热量的影响，旨在为航空热管的地面性能测试提供参考。实验结果表明：热源在下垂直放置热管的蒸发段和冷凝段的当量换热系数分别是水平放置热管的1．5倍和2．5倍。热源在上倾斜放置的热管，水平放置的热管、热源在下倾斜放置的热管的平均总热阻成一个数量级递减，蒸发段的最大输入热流量依次递增一个数量级。     

航天器热控系统中的热泵-蓄冷组合方案

提出了旨在降低热控系统质量的热泵-蓄冷组合热控方案。通过对负荷进行预测，对热泵蓄冷系统的集成模式，系统的运行策略，以及蓄冷设备的容量等问题进行了分析。结果表明：通过合理优化系统的运行参数，热泵蓄冷组合方案能实现热控系统的轻量化设计要求，在未来航天热管理系统中具有相当的应用潜力。     

高分辨率SAR图像分割及目标特征提取

提出了一种非监督SAR图像快速分割算法,对分割得到的目标区域进行特征提取.分割方法利用固体热扩散模型与图像尺度空间的等价性,在SAR图像初始分割的基础上,引入最大后验概率矩阵的各向异性多尺度平滑,在保持图像结构信息的同时滤除斑点噪声对于分割的影响.然后提取目标区域6个特征以详细描述目标,实验结果表明：该方法计算速度快,能够从获得的目标区域得到大量有用的信息.