转子系统挤压油膜阻尼器设计与动力特性

鉴于挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)设计必须要同时考虑转子系统的动力学特性,提出了一种转子系统与挤压油膜阻尼器耦合设计方法,给出了详细的设计流程。对所设计的阻尼器进行了CFD数值模拟、油膜压力测量以及减振效果实验,结果证明所提出的设计方法是有效的。相比未采用阻尼器,采用阻尼器后转子系统两个转盘的振幅分别下降了46%和39%。通过实验还研究了不平衡量、支承刚度、供油压力和滑油温度对挤压油膜阻尼器减振效果的影响。结果表明,相比于不平衡量和支承刚度对减振效果的影响,供油压力和滑油温度的影响并不显著。进行挤压油膜阻尼器设计时,重点应该关注转子上的不平衡量大小和支承刚度。     

Fluid structure interaction simulation of supersonic parachute inflation by an interface tracking method

An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach with interface tracking is developed in this paper to simulate the supersonic parachute inflation. A two-way interaction between a nonlinear finite element method and a finite volume method is accomplished. In order to apply this interface tracking method to problems with instantaneous large deformation and self-contact, a new virtual structure contact method is proposed to leave room for the body-fitted mesh between the contact structural surfaces. In addition, the breakpoint due to the fluid mesh with negative volume is losslessly restarted by the conservative interpolation method. Based on this method, fluid and structural dynamic behaviors of a highly folded disk-gap-band parachute are obtained. Numerical results such as maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) drag, general canopy shape and the smallest canopy projected areas in the terminal descent state are in accordance with the wind tunnel test results. This analysis reveals the inflation law of the disk-gap-band parachute and provides a new numerical method for supersonic parachute design.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

空心气冷低压涡轮动叶气热耦合数值模拟

以空心气冷低压涡轮动叶为研究对象,采用高质量的流体域和固体域网格控制技术,带转捩模型的双方程SST湍流模型,开展了基于CFD方法的叶片气热耦合问题研究。获得了不同冷气流量比(分别为1.0%,1.38%,1.8%和2.2%)、温比(分别为2.1,2.25,2.3,2.4和2.5)和压比(分别为1.4,1.6和1.8)对叶片换热特性的影响规律,设计状态中截面按弧长平均的叶片壁面金属温度计算值较试验值偏小0.3%,气热耦合计算的叶片壁面温度分布与试验结果吻合良好,验证了气热强耦合计算方法的精度,为涡轮叶片温度场分析提供了一种有效的方法。     

考虑滑流影响的埋入式进气道气动特性分析与流动控制研究

研究滑流对埋入式进气道性能的影响机理对于发动机的稳定性具有重要意义。针对某型涡桨发动机 滑油散热器进排气道系统,基于 CFD技术建立系统的螺旋桨滑流与滑油散热器内流一体化数值模拟方法,进 行考虑滑流影响的滑油散热系统埋入式进气道气动设计仿真分析;针对埋入式进气道由于吸入边界层低能气 流导致通过散热器流量低的问题,设计4组涡流发生器进行主动流动控制。结果表明:滑流使得进气道中的气 流偏离,难以形成稳定漩涡,容易发生流动分离;而合理设计的涡流发生器可以有效改善埋入式进气道内流场 特性,并使通过散热器的流量提高12%。     

突加不平衡下GTF发动机转子系统瞬态响应分析

针对GTF发动机低压转子系统突加不平衡瞬态响应问题,基于有限元法建立了考虑啮合单元、行星架单元、膜盘联轴器单元的多体接触、多转子耦合动力学模型,介绍了考虑非线性因素下突加不平衡瞬态响应计算方法,求解了低压转子系统的突加不平衡瞬态响应,并分析了关键部件刚度对突加不平衡的影响规律。结果表明：当风扇转子发生突加不平衡时,各部件均表现为振动幅值突增,后迅速趋于稳定,低压涡轮转子发生明显拍振,突加不平衡载荷主要由行星架结构和第1.5支点刚性支承承担;行星架刚度主要影响风扇转子突加不平衡响应、第1.5支点和行星架处的外传力;膜盘联轴器刚度主要影响增压级突加不平衡响应、转子在突加不平衡之后稳定运转情况。     

倾转四旋翼飞行器垂直飞行状态气动特性

综合采用基于滑移网格技术的计算流体力学(CFD)方法与悬停状态气动干扰试验方法,对倾转四旋翼(QTR)飞行器垂直飞行状态的流场进行模拟与试验,研究飞行器垂直飞行状态气动特性以及部分参数对气动特性的影响.结果表明:倾转四旋翼飞行器在垂直飞行状态,前后旋翼之间干扰不明显,但旋翼与机翼的干扰明显;旋翼旋向对旋翼与机翼的干扰不...     

大展弦比飞机运动稳定性建模及分析

随着飞机设计技术的提高和新型材料的应用,现代飞机气动弹性效应越来越显著,刚体运动和弹性体振动互相解耦的关系不再明显,在分析弹性飞机相关问题时,应该综合地、统一地考虑飞行动力学与气动弹性力学问题。本文在一般体轴系下综合考虑了飞机刚体运动自由度和弹性振动自由度,建立弹性飞机刚弹耦合运动的方程,通过在配平状态下引入小扰动运动假设,以及利用有理函数拟合技术将偶极子格网法计算所得到的频域非定常气动力转化为时域形式,建立了大柔性飞机刚弹耦合小扰动状态空间方程,并对纵向运动稳定性进行分析计算。针对文中构型飞机,运用本文所采用的方法计算所得结果与传统的线性及刚体计算所得结果进行对比分析,非线性计算方法所得颤振速度更小,而且失稳模态亦发生变化,对于飞行力学模态而言,长周期模态稳定性变差,在计算速度范围内出现失稳的现象,由此说明机翼大变形对飞机稳定性所带来的影响。     

轮控小行星探测器建模及跳跃移动仿真

小行星探测器在弱引力环境下无法采用传统的轮式机构进行移动。为解决该问题,采用反作用飞轮对探测器跳跃移动进行控制,并分析了该方案的可行性。根据Hertz碰撞定律及简化的Karnopp切向摩擦力模型,建立了探测器与地面的接触力模型。分析了轮控小行星探测器的起跳过程,给出了探测器静止起跳所需要的最小飞轮力矩关系。考虑到反作用飞轮存在惯性、粘滞、摩擦等情况,建立了轮控探测器的姿态动力学模型,并对探测器在均匀重力场下的连续跳跃过程进行了控制策略设计及仿真。结果表明:基于飞轮控制的小行星探测器跳跃移动在微重力环境下是可行的,且可以通过施加合适的控制力矩维持探测器跳跃的方向及跳跃过程的稳定性。     

激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化球化的影响

为研究激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化熔池流动的影响,基于离散单元法建立了选区激光熔化铺粉模型,采用粒径分布与实验相符的马氏体时效钢粉末分别铺展到平坦底面和增材底面上,将计算获得的粉末分布导入到基于有限体积法建立的选区激光熔化熔池计算流体力学模型中,研究激光功率和基板底面粗糙度对熔池流动和熔道表面形貌的影响。采用激光单道扫描实验验证铺粉模型和选区激光熔化模型。结果表明：随着激光功率的降低,单位长度的球化数量增加;由于增材底面使熔池润湿性变差,同时又对熔池流动行为产生扰动,使得增材粗糙底面上熔道的球化数量增加。选区激光熔化铺粉模拟及激光单道扫描模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。本研究可为选区激光熔化工艺中工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。