The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

The Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft will provide critical measurements tracing Mercury’s origin and evolution. MDIS consists of a monochrome narrow-angle camera (NAC) and a multispectral wide-angle camera (WAC). The NAC is a 1.5° field-of-view (FOV) off-axis reflector, coaligned with the WAC, a four-element refractor with a 10.5° FOV and 12-color filter wheel. The focal plane electronics of each camera are identical and use a 1,024×1,024 Atmel (Thomson) TH7888A charge-coupled device detector. Only one camera operates at a time, allowing them to share a common set of control electronics. The NAC and the WAC are mounted on a pivoting platform that provides a 90° field-of-regard, extending 40° sunward and 50° anti-sunward from the spacecraft +Z-axis—the boresight direction of most of MESSENGER’s instruments. Onboard data compression provides capabilities for pixel binning, remapping of 12-bit data into 8 bits, and lossless or lossy compression. MDIS will acquire four main data sets at Mercury during three flybys and the two-Mercury-solar-day nominal mission: a monochrome global image mosaic at near-zero emission angles and moderate incidence angles, a stereo-complement map at off-nadir geometry and near-identical lighting, multicolor images at low incidence angles, and targeted high-resolution images of key surface features. These data will be used to construct a global image base map, a digital terrain model, global maps of color properties, and mosaics of high-resolution image strips. Analysis of these data will provide information on Mercury’s impact history, tectonic processes, the composition and emplacement history of volcanic materials, and the thickness distribution and compositional variations of crustal materials. This paper summarizes MDIS’s science objectives and technical design, including the common payload design of the MDIS data processing units, as well as detailed results from ground and early flight calibrations and plans for Mercury image products to be generated from MDIS data.     

来流湍流度及端壁效应对涡轮叶片上对流换热的影响

利用大尺寸低速开式叶栅风洞对涡轮叶片表面的对流换热进行了实验测量,叶片高度方向布置了3个测量位置,距端壁距离分别为5mm,30mm及150mm.重点对比研究了高来流湍流度、端壁效应及来流雷诺数对涡叶片中部及根部区的过渡起始点、过渡区长度及换热的影响。实验参数范围是:来流湍流度Tu=0.75～13.5%,来流雷诺数Re=60000～240000.      

涡轮导向叶片变截面针肋通道内空气流动和传热过程数值模拟

应用紊流ｋ－ε模型、三维适体座标网格结合ＳＩＭＰＬＥＳＴ算法,对涡轮导向叶片尾部变截面针肋通道内空气流动和传热过程进行了数值模拟。该模拟同时考虑了流场、压力场、温度场和物性变化之间的相互耦合作用,可压缩和变物性的影响以及叶片壁内三维导热效果,采取对流—导热耦合传热问题的整体求解法进行数值计算。计算结果与实验符合良好,证明本文建立的数值模型是正确的,可为叶片的优化设计提供一定的依据。     

某导弹30CrMnSi壳体TIG焊缝微裂纹分析

对某30CrMnSiA材料TIG焊接壳体焊缝区域裂纹进行了分析,利用X射线、显微硬度计、金相显微镜、扫描电镜等对断口进行了观察和检测。通过分析断口物、化特征,认为该裂纹为热处理淬火保温过程中出现的再热裂纹,亦有小部分可能为微小尺寸未检出的焊接热裂纹,均属于冶金裂纹,通过一系列措施加以控制,效果良好。     

叉排扰流柱排列参数对旋转矩形通道对流换热特性的影响

本文用实验的方法研究了叉排扰流柱阵列的排列参数对旋转矩形通道对流换热特性的影响。实验共采用了6个模型,扰流柱的排列参数S_n/d的取值为5.0,6.5和8.0,S_p/S_n为1.2,1.6和2.0,其中d为扰流柱的直径,S_n为扰流柱横向间距,S_p为2倍的纵向间距。结果表明,在实验范围内,纵向排列参数S_p/S_n的取值介于1.2和1.6之间为好;扰流柱横向排列参数S_n/d=5,即最密时,最有利于换热,但应综合考虑其引起的流阻损失。      

初始气孔率热老化试验研究与应用——预测固体推进剂贮存寿命的一种新方法

通过对固体推进剂药柱进行初始气孔率热老化试验研究,探讨了用累积损伤方法来预测药柱贮存寿命, 提出了一种准确、经济、方便地提前预测药柱贮存寿命的新方法和新技术     

From Coma Abundances to Nucleus Composition

A major goal of comet research is to determine conditions in the outer solar nebula based on the chemical composition and structure of comet nuclei. The old view was to use coma abundances directly for the chemical composition of the nucleus. However, since the composition of the coma changes with heliocentric distance, r, the new view is that the nucleus composition msut be determined from analysis of coma mixing ratios as a function of r. Taking advantage of new observing technology and the early detection of the very active Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) allows us to determine the coma mixing ratios over a large range of heliocentric distances. In our analysis we assume three sources for the coma gas: (1) the surface of the nucleus (releasing water vapor), (2) the interior of the porous nucleus (releasing many species more volatile than water), and (3) the distributed source (releasing gases from ices and hydrocarbon polycondensates trapped and contained in coma dust). Molecules diffusing inside the nucleus are sublimated by heat transported into the interior. The mixing ratios in the coma are modeled assuming various chemical compositions and structural parameters of the spinning nucleus as it moves in its orbit from large heliocentric distance through perihelion. We have combined several sets of observational data of Comet Hale-Bopp for H₂O (from OH) and CO, covering the spectrum range from radio to UV. Many inconsistencies in the data were uncovered and reported to the observers for a reanalysis. Since post-perihelion data are still sparse, we have combined pre- and post-perihelion data. The resulting mixing ratio of CO relative to H₂O as a function of r is presented with a preliminary analysis that still needs to be expanded further. Our fit to the data indicates that the total CO release rate (from the nucleus and distributed sources) relative to that of H₂O is 30% near perihelion. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

紧固件用TC16钛合金强化热处理工艺研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及拉伸实验机,研究不同热处理工艺下TC16钛合金的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:退火后的组织为等轴α+β,晶粒大小约为1μm;固溶处理的组织为初生α+α"+亚稳β,随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相减少,抗拉强度不随固溶温度的变化而变化,屈服强度较退火态下降较大,屈强比仅为0.4～ 0.47;时效处理后的组织为初生α+α+β,α、β呈片状相间分布于原始β晶粒内,时效处理后的抗拉强度最高可达1226MPa,强塑积最高达21834MPa.％;退火态与固溶态的拉伸断口为韧性断口,而时效处理后的拉伸断口为准解理断口.     

气氧/甲烷涡流冷壁燃烧室流场与壁面耦合传热分析

针对涡流燃烧室的试验模型,耦合计算了其中的燃烧、流动和传热过程。湍流模型采用RNG k-ε两方程模型,辐射传热采用P1辐射模型,化学反应采用有限速率模型。数值模拟了涡流燃烧室在20s内的传热过程,得到了燃烧室和喷管的壁面温度分布随时间的变化。燃烧室侧壁面和头部温度在4秒内就达到较稳定状态,在涡流保护下侧壁面最高温度在650K左右,头部最高温度在785K左右。对于热沉喷管,壁面温度随时间基本呈缓慢线性上升,在一定的时间内可以满足实验要求。     

Research on modeling of heat source for electron beam welding fusion-solidification zone

In this paper, the common heat source model of point and linear heat source in the numerical simulation of electron beam welding (EBW) were summarized and introduced. The combined point-linear heat source model was brought forward and to simulate the welding temperature fields of EBW and predicting the weld shape. The model parameters were put forward and regulated in the combined model, which included the ratio of point heat source to linear heat source Qpr and the distribution of linear heat source Lr. Based on the combined model, the welding temperature fields of EBW were investigated. The results show that the predicted weld shapes are conformable to those of the actual, the temperature fields are reasonable and correct by simulating with combined point-linear heat source model and the typical weld shapes are gained.