轻质隔热纳米孔结构耐烧蚀酚醛材料

在一定温度下,通过改性剂组分与热固性钡酚醛树脂之间热共聚反应,制备了改性酚醛树脂。采
用模压工艺制备出具有目标尺寸和形状的改性酚醛树脂固化物,对该样品分别进行了400 和700℃的炭化处
理,得到了相应的酚醛炭化样品,并测试其密度、失重率、收缩率等特征参数。研究改性剂用量对碳化物特征参
数和性能的影响,如密度、失重率形貌、比表面积、隔热性能、压缩强度等。SEM 研究表明,700℃炭化后样品形
成了“珊瑚状”碳结构,形成了30 ~150 nm 纳米孔。比表面积测试(BET)结果表明其比表面积可达464 m2 / g。
隔热性能与力学性能的测试结果表明,相对于未改性酚醛树脂碳化物,改性酚醛碳化物的热导率降低了
45． 57%,并且保持了较好的压缩强度。     

刚性隔热瓦重复使用性评价研究

为满足未来新型飞行器对隔热材料的需求,将刚性隔热瓦在1 200℃热处理30 min,对其质量稳定性、尺寸稳定性、力学性能、隔热性能以及微观结构等进行了评价.结果表明,热处理20次的质量损失率、xy向线性收缩率、隔热性能以及微观结构变化都很小,仅z向线性收缩率稍大(3.19％).综合来看,1 200℃/30min的使用条件下,隔热瓦能够满足20次的重复使用要求.     

40CrMnSiMoVA钢的连续冷却组织和碳化物析出的先期效应

 低合金超高强度钢的淬火组织一般为马氏体和贝氏体组成的复合组织。钢中加硅元素加剧了贝氏体转变的不完全性,使组织更复杂。40CrMnSiMoVA钢是新型航空用超高强度钢,可采用多种热处理工艺达到不同的强度级别。为配合钢的连续冷却曲线的测定,我们用透射电镜研究了不同淬火速度下转变产物的特征及变化规律,可为改进钢的性能,合理制定热处理工艺提供理论依据。     

RTM用6818高温环氧树脂化学流变特性研究

以树脂传递模塑(RTM)用6818高温环氧树脂体系的化学流变特性研究为目的,以差示扫描量热法(DSC)和黏度实验为基础,采用外推法初步确定了6818树脂体系的固化工艺制度。依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了树脂体系的化学流变模型,模型曲线与实验数据的吻合性良好。模型分析表明,在80～100℃内树脂体系黏度低于200 mPa·s的时间大于12 h,可以作为6818树脂比较理想的注胶温度。该模型能够反映6818树脂黏度变化规律,预报该树脂体系的RTM工艺窗口。     

燕尾形轴向微槽热管的流动和传热特性

建立了燕尾形轴向微槽热管传热和液体流动模型并进行了数值求解,计算了其最大传 热能力。模型考虑了气液界面剪切力的作用,分析了热管内气、液相流体压力和流速及弯月 面毛细半径沿轴向的变化特性,并讨论了热负荷对蒸发段端口毛细半径的影响,以及工作温 度和吸液芯结构对最大传热能力的影响。研究表明：弯月面毛细半径沿轴向非线性增加,在 蒸发段和绝热段变化较小,而从冷凝段开始急剧上升;热管内蒸气沿程压差远小于液相压差 ;液体的平均速度远小于蒸气的平均速度;沟槽热管的最大传热能力受工作温度和毛细芯结 构尺寸的影响较大;燕尾形底宽的增大或微槽高度的增加有利于提高热管的最大传热能力, 而蒸气腔半径对最大传热能力的影响不明显。同时,还通过实验验证了本模型的正确性。
     

Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.     

热流限制下的最优气动力辅助变轨

以变轨能量消耗最小为优化目标，应用极大值原理研究了飞行过程受热流限制和升力系统约束下的气动力辅助共面变轨问题，飞行过程成分第一自由弧段，约束弧段，第二自由弧段三个部分，讨论了升力系数的最优表达式，分析了飞行过程中两种约束的相互作用，给出了约束弧起始位置的角点条件和终端的横截条件下，对不同的初值选取方法讨论了三种计算策略，并给出了数值算例。     

热流计1:1分度装置与敞开式大平板分度装置分度差异的研究

分析了所研制的1:1热流计分度装置与常规的敞开式大平板热流计分度装置由于分度方法不同而导致的分度差异,并用差分方法对这种差异进行了计算。理论计算和实际测试结果都表明:对同一热流计,1:1分度装置的分度值比敞开式大平板分度装置的分度值高出20％左右。     

仪器设备间距对空间实验室机柜内部流动和传热的影响分析

为充分利用机柜内有限空间并改善仪器设备的散热环境,建立了空间实验室机柜的模型,运用数值计算方法,对不同仪器设备间距下机柜内流场和温度场进行求解,研究了不同布局仪器层平均风速和仪器表面平均对流换热系数的变化规律。结果表明,合理地选择仪器设备间距可以有效地改善其表面的散热状况,为空间实验室机柜的热设计提供了依据。     

Design of Optical and Mechanical Structure for Lunar Simulator Based on Variable Shape and Adjustable Radiance

To simulate the different lunar phases and ensure continuous adjustability of the radiant brightness, a new broad spectrum light and frosted glass were applied and designed in the optical system for lunar simulator with the shapes and radiance being able to be adjusted. According to the engineering demand and index requirements of the optical system, three major design aspects are addressed, including the high reliability and maintainability for broad-spectrum light, heat dissipation in lunar simulator for long working hours, and bearing of the main frame under different working conditions. By designing a reasonable machine structure, and through the structure itself with the matrix arrangement of 48 axial flow fans, an effectively cooling air duct is established. Deformation and temperature were calculated by the finite element software ANSYS. The results showed that the displacement deformation reached 0.33mm and stress deformation reached 0.02MPa at the temperature of 20℃; when the main frame was in the temperature field between 20℃ and 65℃, the maximum displacement deformation reached 13.30mm and maximum stress deformation is 97.90MPa, and the amount of this deformation is very small in considering of the mechanical structure dimensions and weight of the lunar simulator.