涡轮叶片尾缘出流对带叉排扰流柱阵列的内冷通道传热特性的影响

本文用实验的方法模拟研究了涡轮叶片尾缘出流对带叉排扰流柱阵列的内冷通道的对流换热特性的影响。实验模型通道为矩形通道,扰流柱的排列参数S_n/d为6.5,S_p/S_n为1.2,其中d为扰流柱的直径,S_n为扰流柱横向间距,S_p为2倍的纵向间距。矩形模型通道的长边与转轴的夹角为20°。研究了出流孔总面积A₀与通道最大截面积A的比值,雷诺数Re,转动数R₀等参数对传热特性的影响。并比较了尾缘出流与叶尖出流的换热特性。      

大型Mg-Gd-Y铸件成分、热处理优化和性能评价

针对大型砂型铸造镁合金铸件晶粒粗大、室温塑性较差的问题,模拟大型铸件的慢冷条件,通过成分优化、微观组织分析、热处理优化的方法研究了大型Mg-Gd-Y镁合金铸件室温强韧化的最优工艺参数。结果表明:Mg-6Gd-3Y-0. 5Zr(GW63K)具有良好的综合性能,GW63K的最佳固溶处理参数为475℃/7 h+495℃/3 h,最佳时效处理参数为200℃/80 h,本体室温抗拉、屈服强度和延伸率依次达到了334. 5 MPa、201. 0MPa和6. 2%,具有良好的室温强韧性。     

基于数值模拟的印制电路板低透锡率焊盘焊接温度分析

部分印制电路板通孔焊盘与接地层连接,手工焊接过程中接地层散热严重,焊点透锡率不足。为解决此问题,通过ABAQUS软件计算多层印制板手工焊接普通焊盘、低透锡率焊盘的温度分布情况,分析整板预热对温度及透锡率的影响。分析结果显示,未预热状态下低透锡率焊盘的镀铜层散失热量约为普通焊盘孔的4倍,低透锡率焊盘孔非焊接面温度为125～126℃,远低于锡铅共晶焊料熔点(183℃);预热85、100、115℃情况下低透锡率焊盘非焊接面温度分别提高至171.5、179、187.5℃。模拟与实验结果表明,整板预热85～115℃可有效改善通孔焊盘透锡率、提高焊点服役可靠性。     

Parallel algorithm and its convergence of spatial domain decomposition of discrete ordinates method for solving radiation heat transfer problem

To improve the computational efficiency and hold calculation accuracy at the same time,we study the parallel computation for radiation heat transfer. In this paper, the discrete ordinates method(DOM) and the spatial domain decomposition parallelization(DDP) are combined by message passing interface(MPI) language. The DDP–DOM computation of the radiation heat transfer within the rectangular furnace is described. When the result of DDP–DOM along one-dimensional direction is compared with that along multi-dimensional directions, it is found that the result of the latter one has higher precision without considering the medium scattering. Meanwhile, an in-depth study of the convergence of DDP–DOM for radiation heat transfer is made. Analyzing the cause of the weak convergence, we relate the total number of iteration steps when the convergence is obtained to the number of sub-domains. When we decompose the spatial domain along one-,two- and three-dimensional directions, different linear relationships between the number of total iteration steps and the number of sub-domains will be possessed separately, then several equations are developed to show the relationships. Using the equations, some phenomena in DDP–DOM can be made clear easily. At the same time, the correctness of the equations is verified.     

Study of amplification coefficient in a water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus

A new water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus is designed to meet the need of heat power source management and distribution. The steady state measurement mathematic model of the apparatus is built up in theory and the system amplification coefficient is defined as the ratio of the heat power to the temperature difference of the device, with which the value of the measured source power can be calculated easily with the corresponding temperature difference. In order to obtain an optimal heat power measuring system, the coefficients that can influence the relationship between the amplification coefficient, the temperature difference, and the heat power are analyzed. On the basis of these analyses, a set of experimental device is constructed and a number of experiments are carried on. Compared with the input heat power sample data, the error of the experimental measuring results is less than ±2%, and the experimental measuring values are in good agreement with the calculated theoretical ones. The heat power measuring apparatus can be applied in heat flux or heat power measurement in other fields due to its simple structure and high accuracy.     

环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特征影响的理论研究

为获得亚临界条件下,环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特性的影响规律,基于多组分液滴蒸发模型,对癸烷—乙醇二元混合液滴在高温氮气环境下的运动蒸发过程开展模型研究。通过模型计算,获得了液滴内部浓度分布、温度分布和液滴速度随时间的变化;分析了在环境压力0.1MPa和2MPa下,不同浓度液滴温度、尺寸及表面乙醇浓度的变化特征。结果表明:双组分液滴运动蒸发过程中,内部存在显著浓度和温度梯度,传热扩散快于传质扩散。常压环境下,液滴温度经历瞬态加热和平衡蒸发两个阶段,而高压环境下,液滴温度逐渐升高至接近环境温度。双组分液滴蒸发过程中由于组分浓度随时间变化,其无量纲尺寸随时间变化明显偏离"d 2理论";环境压力越高,液滴运动的贯穿距离越短,蒸发速率越慢。乙醇浓度对液滴蒸发速率的影响有两方面:蒸发前期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率越快;而蒸发后期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率反而越慢。     

火灾试验中复合推进剂热辐射通量的测量

为了验证热辐射通量理论计算方法对推进剂的适用性,采用热辐射计测试了三种推进剂在外部火烧试验中的热辐射通量最大值和平均值,并根据样品燃烧时间计算了样品的热辐射通量。三种推进剂的热辐射通量的测量平均值为2.87kW/m2,2.65kW/m2和3.44kW/m2,理论计算值为4.06kW/m2,7.62kW/m2和3.67kW/m2。结果表明:当样品燃烧时间大于5s时,热辐射通量的测试平均值与理论计算值基本一致;当燃烧时间小于5s时,由于理论计算公式中设定的燃烧热转变为辐射热的比例(0.33)大于实际转化率,导致热辐射通量的理论计算值偏大,因此建议用热辐射计测量样品的热辐射通量。     

叶片前缘旋流和常规冲击对比数值研究

为了寻求更好的叶片前缘内冷结构,对旋流冲击和常规冲击的流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟,对比研究了二者的涡流结构、传热强度、流动阻力、综合传热性能和热均匀性,研究了通道Re数和冲击间距对这些参数的影响。结果表明旋流冲击形成的旋涡有利于传热的增强和热均匀性的提高。在所研究的Re数（2×104~7.78×104）和冲击间距（3.3~5倍直径）范围内,旋流冲击与常规冲击相比平均传热增强18%~34%,增幅随Re数和冲击间距的增大而增大;流阻增大10%~26%,增幅随Re数和冲击间距的增大而减小;综合传热性能增强20%左右;热均匀性提高60%左右。     

民用飞机平面风挡防冰热载荷分析研究

首先对飞机结冰的原因、危害以及风挡防冰的方法做了简单的概述,针对广泛应用的民用飞机平面风挡防冰热量耗散进行分析,阐述了每部分热量的用途以及计算方法,针对热载荷计算输入,确定了热载荷计算状态点的选取原则,并考虑了风挡玻璃加热时向内散热的热量。提出了一种风挡防冰热载荷的计算方法,计算结果与实际应用中的几类机型的风挡防冰加温...     

Marangoni heat pipe: An experiment on board MIOsat Italian microsatellite

This article summarizes the activities in preparation of a microgravity experiment to be carried out by using a small technological payload onboard a microsatellite developed by the Italian Space Agency. A dedicated hardware will be developed to investigate innovative heat pipes filled with self-rewetting fluids, i.e. dilute aqueous alcoholic solutions with unique surface tension properties. After a general introduction of the scientific background, the paper is focused on the main activities in preparation of the flight experiment, on the design of the flight hardware and on the experimental planned procedure. The laboratory results achieved on ground in preparation of a flight experiment are also presented, including measurements of fluids physical properties and preliminary heat pipes performances characterization test. From the engineering point of view, the activities dealing with heat pipes filling and sealing are included. The activities for heat pipe characterization conclude the paper.