Longitude-dependent effects of fragmentation events in the geosynchronous orbit regime

The effects of on-orbit fragmentation events on localized debris congestion in each of the longitude slots of the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) regime are evaluated by simulating explosions and collisions of uncontrolled rocket bodies in multiple orbit configurations, including libration about one or both of the gravitational wells located at 75°E and 105°W. Fragmentation distributions are generated with the NASA Standard Breakup Model, which samples fragment area-to-mass ratio and delta-velocity as a function of effective diameter. Simulation results indicate that the long-term severity and consequence of a GEO fragmentation event is strongly dependent upon parent body longitude at the epoch of fragmentation, which can spawn bi-annual “fragment storms” in high-risk longitude slots, driven by lower-energy fragments that have been captured and have started librating around the nearby gravitational well.     

Long-term photometric signature study of two GEO satellites

Geostationary earth orbit satellites have been extensively used for unique high-orbit stationary characteristics. Long-term precise investigation is an important issue in the observation of GEO satellites, since it can provide valuable information on the satellites’ operation state, discrimination and early warning analysis. Ground-based optical-electronic devices play a significant role in the observation. 4-month photometric signature variation of two satellites is presented based on the successive observations using the 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO). It can be concluded that the long-term brightness change mainly results from the sun declination angle and regular orbit maneuver. Moreover, the solar panel offsets of the two satellites are analyzed and found to be approximately 4 degrees. Estimation of photometric accuracy reaches 0.15 mag for the application of CCD drift-scan optical-electronic technique.     

小行星远距离抵近轨道

讨论了小行星引力一阶项可被忽略情况下的小行星远距离轨道设计及动力学。此时,航天器的运动受太阳引力和太阳光压的影响。航天器和小行星的加速度之差在这两者之间形成的独特的相对动力学,为航天器在小行星附近停驻与观测提供特定轨道。完整解决了小行星处于圆形日心轨道这一较简单情况,也考虑和阐述了椭圆轨道情况,并取得了一些初步结果。     

中国月球探测任务轨道确定技术及发展综述

月球探测器的轨道确定是完成月球探测任务的基础,在我国月球探测任务的引领下,在我国深空测控体系发展的同时,轨道确定技术也得到了快速的进步。从时空参考框架和动力学模型两个方面介绍了我国月球探测任务轨道确定技术的发展过程,基于时空参考框架的优化及动力学模型的改进,我国月球探测器的轨道确定能力及精度也不断提升,这对于当前及后续的月球探测任务都有很好的借鉴意义。     

“火卫1”轨道预报与动力学分析

使用数值积分的方法对"火卫1"(Phobos)轨道进行预报计算,介绍了计算"火卫1"轨道时考虑的动力模型与数值积分方法,分析了不同动力模型及参量对轨道计算结果的影响,并确定最终选择的模型。最后将计算结果与不同机构发布的最新历表进行比较,计算位置和轨道根数的差异。得到的结果与各星历之间差异的量级相同,进而验证了相关模型和算法的精度和可靠性。该轨道预报算法模型与分析结果将对"火卫1"探测任务提供参考。     

基于实时SSR数据的LEO卫星精密单点定位研究

对目前低轨卫星实时定位的方法进行了研究,现在通常采用GPS定位,使用广播星历和普通晶振,实时定位精度一般在10m以内,不能满足高精度实时定位的需求。IGS组织在全球范围内对GPS跟踪分析,生成精密星历、精密钟差产品、按SSR格式的广播星历和钟差修正产品并在网上发布。对这些IGS产品进行了调查,提出在现有测控支持情况下,可以通过高密度上注SSR信息流实现在轨高精度定位。以某型号低轨微小卫星在轨导航增强载荷为应用背景,用IGS03产品中的1057和1058数据对双频GPS接收机的星历和钟差进行修正,采用递推最小二乘估计和LAMDA模糊度固定过对载波相位和伪距信息进行处理,在短时间内获得亚米级定位结果。     

A combination method using evolutionary algorithms in initial orbit determination for too short arc

With the combination of two evolutionary algorithms EDA and DE, a new method of initial orbit determination for satellites based on ground-based too-short-arc is established. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed method focuses on the most densely populated region in the solution space rather than the individual with best fitness value. Both the global information and local information are well fused in the search of optimum. In the method $(a,e,M)$ are treated as variables of the optimization, and the optimization procedure is carried out as a two-stage hierarchical optimization problem which has three variables for each stage. Kernel density estimation is applied to build the probability distribution model without any assumptions of the specified distribution, accompanied by handling semi-major axis and eccentricity as a pair of dependent variables in the construction of the probability for the correlation between them in the practice. Numerical experiments with real ground-based observations show that the proposed method is applicable to too-short-arc with even 3?s, and the result of bias in several kilometers can be achieved with $5^{″}$ error added to angular measurements.     

天基空间目标监视的短弧段定轨技术

利用两个短弧段的天基测角资料实现对空间目标的轨道确定是天基空间目标监视系统需解决的重要问题之一。提出利用二体轨道的角动量和能量守恒方程计算空间目标初轨的新方法,该方法将短弧段的主要测量信息表示为弧段属性,由两个短弧段的弧段属性建立守恒方程,采用变量替换法求解守恒方程获得多个初轨,通过方差分析从中选择合适的初轨。针对轨道改进中的迭代发散和收敛于局部极小点的问题,提出了选取多个迭代初值进行轨道改进的采样方法。仿真结果表明,初轨确定算法是可行的,轨道改进能成功解算最小二乘轨道。     

基于支持向量机方法的地球同步轨道相对论电子事件预报模型研究

提出了一种基于支持向量机方法(SVM)的地球同步轨道相对论电子事件预报模型. 模型以平均影响值(MIV)作为指标, 筛选出预报输入参量. 这些参量包括, 前一日的大于2MeV电子日积分通量、太阳风速度、太阳风密度、Dst指数和前二日的AE指数. 模型包含回归和分类两个部分, 可以分别对未来一天的电子日积分通量和相对论电子事件强度的级别做出预报. 对2008年样本进行测试, 在相对论电子通量的预报中, 预报值和实测值之间的线性相关系数为0.85, 预报效率为0.71; 对相对论电子事件级别预报的准确率为82%, 可以较准确区分开事件状态与非事件状态. 结果表明, SVM预报模型对相对论电子事件有较好的预报效果.      

太阳同步轨道真空紫外光电倍增管的高能粒子屏蔽方法研究

空间辐射环境是导致光电倍增管性能衰变甚至失效的主要原因, 由于空间辐射环境的复杂性以及飞行器在空间活动的轨道、设计寿命和光电倍增管的类型不同, 光电倍增管需要的抗辐射屏蔽要求不同. 以太阳同步轨道高能粒子辐射环境为例, 对真空紫外光电倍增管进行了辐射屏蔽的Monte-Carlo计算, 在此基础上提出了运行于该轨道上的真空紫外光电倍增管的高能粒子屏蔽优化组合. 模拟计算表明, 采用Al-W-Al三层结构的屏蔽组合形式, 其中Al层厚2mm, W厚 0.5mm,可将辐射剂量从原本的9.98× 106rad (Si)降低到 8.41× 102rad (Si), 能较好地满足实际使用要求.