高分七号卫星高精度控制技术与验证

高分七号卫星（GF-7）控制系统，一方面通过研制甚高精度星敏感器和高平稳度翼板驱动机构（SADA），提高部件性能指标；另一方面采用在轨参数标定、星地闭环补偿等控制技术，进一步提高系统性能。经飞行验证表明，控制系统实现了角秒级姿态测量精度，稳定度达到10-5(°)/s量级，与同类型测绘卫星控制系统比较，姿态测量精度和稳定度均达到中国领先、国际先进的水平，使中国遥感测绘卫星控制能力得到了大幅提升。最后展望了GF-7卫星控制分系统进一步提高控制精度的发展方向。     

考虑火箭约束的深空探测弹轨道拼接模型

针对深空探测任务轨迹规划中对于运载火箭弹道约束考虑不足、弹轨道拼接设计效率低的现状,建立了考虑运载火箭射向和末级滑行时间约束的弹轨道拼接计算模型,在无引力摄动假设下得到了任意深空出发速度条件下的运载火箭射向和末级滑行时间计算公式。利用该模型分析了弹轨道可成功拼接的集合范围随深空出发速度、发射场地理位置、火箭射向和滑行时间约束范围的变化规律。提出深空出发"赤纬-发射能量"(δ-C3)图方法,可在图上表示指定型号运载火箭深空发射能力可行域,结合深空轨道转移Pork-Chop图方法,可以快速判断该型运载火箭是否适用于特定深空发射任务。依据这一方法,提出了对我国未来深空探测运载火箭射向和末级滑行时间的能力需求。     

Libration point orbit rendezvous using PWPF modulated terminal sliding mode control

The near-range rendezvous problem of two libration point orbit spacecraft in the Earth–Moon system is studied using the terminal sliding mode control which enables a time-fixed process with the flight time prescribed a priori. The underlying dynamics are the full nonlinear equations of motion for a complete Solar System model. For practical purposes, two means of pulse-width pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulation are employed to realize the theoretical continuous control with a series of thrust pulses. Extensive simulations with major errors taken into account show that the sliding mode controller can successfully guide the chaser to a given staging node with the final position and velocity errors, on average, lower than 20 m and 1 mm/s, respectively. Compared with the glideslope guidance previously studied, the proposed approach outperforms the former by saving approximately 50–60% of total delta-v.     

带有空间机械臂的航天器系统惯性参数辨识

针对航天器惯性参数在轨辨识问题,文章以空间机械臂为研究对象,建立了带有空间机械臂的航天器系统动力学模型,并进行了空间机械臂的动力学分析。通过规划一种复杂的空间机械臂的运动轨迹,对机械臂各关节施加合适激励的方法,使空间机械臂做充分可变构型运动。该运动会改变航天器系统的惯性分布,从而引起航天器系统速度变化。然后,通过ADAMS(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems,机械系统动力学自动分析)软件建模测量这些速度变化,计算出空间机械臂的惯性变化,进而基于动量和动量距守恒的方法建立线性回归方程。最后,通过应用递推最小二乘法解线性回归方程组,辨识出了航天器的惯性参数。仿真分析结果表明了所辨识的航天器惯性参数的有效性和准确性。     

Pico-satellite Autonomous Navigation with Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Data

This article presents a near-Earth satellite orbit estimation method for pico-satellite applications with light-weight and low-power requirements. The method provides orbit information autonomously from magnetometer and sun sensor, with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Real-time position/velocity parameters are estimated with attitude independently from two quantities: the measured magnitude of the Earth’s magnetic field, and the measured dot product of the magnetic field vector and the sun vector. To guarantee the filter’s effectiveness, it is recommended that the sun sensor should at least have the same level of accuracy as magnetometer. Furthermore, to reduce filter’s computation expense, simplification methods in EKF’s Jacobian calculations are introduced and testified, and a polynomial model for fast magnetic field calculation is developed. With these methods, 50% of the computation expense in dynamic model propagation and 80% of the computation burden in measurement model calculation can be reduced. Tested with simulation data and compared with original magnetometer-only methods, filter achieves faster convergence and higher accuracy by 75% and 30% respectively, and the suggested simplification methods are proved to be harmless to filter’s estimation performance.     

地月系低能转移轨道设计

分析了不同转移轨道间的性能指标,以黄道面与白道面交线作为庞加莱截面实现不同系统轨道的拼接,利用其中耗能最小的日地系稳定流形和地月系的不稳定流形设计了一条低能耗转移轨道.最后对不同轨 道进行了能量分析和对比,优化了国内提出的低能探月轨道.仿真结果表明,文中方法比直接通过霍曼转移节约21.1%的能量,对探月工程的轨道设计具...     

A universal on-orbit servicing system used in the geostationary orbit

The geostationary orbit (GEO), a unique satellite orbit of the human beings, is a very precious orbit resource. However, the continuous increasing of GEO debris makes the GEO orbit more and more crowded. Moreover, the failures of GEO spacecrafts will result in large economic cost and other bad impacts. In this paper, we proposed a space robotic servicing system, and developed key pose (position and orientation) measurement and control algorithm. Firstly, the necessity of orbit service in GEO was analyzed. Then, a servicing concept for GEO non-cooperative targets was presented and a universal space robotic servicing system was designed. The system has a 2-DOF docking mechanism, a 7-DOF redundant manipulator and a set of stereo vision, in addition to the traditional subsystems of a spacecraft. This system can serve most existing satellites in GEO, not requiring specially designed objects for grappling and measuring on the target. The servicing contents include: (a) visual inspecting; (b) target tracking, approaching and docking; (c) ORUs (Orbital Replacement Units) replacement; (d) Malfunctioned mechanism deploying; (e) satellites life extension by taking over its control, or re-orbiting the abandoned satellites. As an example, the servicing mission of a malfunctioned GEO satellite with three severe mechanical failures was designed and simulated. The results showed the validity and flexibility of the proposed system.     

中低轨红外预警星座基于自由段跟踪的单星覆盖性能

推导了中低轨天基红外星座中单颗卫星基于自由段跟踪时的空域覆盖体积与星下黑体积,研究了其随轨道高度变化的规律,分析了存在切地角影响时的体积变化,并进行了计算。     

Resonant quasi-periodic near-rectilinear Halo orbits in the Elliptic-Circular Earth-Moon-Sun Problem

Motivated by the near-future re-exploration of the cislunar space, this paper investigates dynamical substitutes of the Earth-Moon’s resonant Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbits (NRHOs) under the Elliptic-Circular Restricted Four-Body Problem formulation of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. This model considers that the Earth and Moon move in elliptical orbits about each other and that a third body, the Sun, moves in a circular orbit about the Earth-Moon barycenter. By making use of this higher-fidelity dynamical model, we are able to incorporate the Sun’s influence and the Moon’s eccentricity, two of the most significant perturbations of the cislunar environment. As a result of these perturbations, resonant periodic NRHOs of the Earth-Moon Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP) are hereby replaced by two-dimensional quasi-periodic tori that better represent the dynamical evolution of satellites near the vicinity of the Moon. We present the steps and algorithms needed to compute these dynamical structures in the Elliptic-Circular model and subsequently assess their utility for spacecraft missions. We focus on the planned orbit for the NASA-led Lunar Gateway mission, a 9:2 synodic resonant L₂ southern NRHO, as well as on the 4:1 synodic and 4:1 sidereal resonances, due to the proximity to the nominal orbit and their advantageous dynamical properties. We verify that the dynamical equivalents of these orbits preserve key dynamical attributes such as eclipse avoidance and near-linear stability. Furthermore, we find that the higher dimensionality of quasi-periodic solutions offers interesting alternatives to mission designers in terms of phasing maneuvers and low-altitude scientific observations.     

“用户故事”在姿轨控软件需求分析中的应用

需求分析是软件开发过程中的重要环节.在国内卫星姿轨控软件设计过程中,需求分析阶段描述和定义用户需求的工作多数仍采用传统方法,过于关注软件的设计过程,而忽略了软件需要实现的功能,常常引发需求分析结果与任务方期望不一致的情况,影响开发进度.针对姿轨控软件的特点,在软件需求分析工作中引入敏捷开发所采用的＂用户故事（＂User Story）方法,可以高效清晰地描述和定义用户所需要的软件功能,提高任务方在需求分析阶段的参与程度,显著提高需求分析的准确性.