低功率变截面通道霍尔推力器电离特性

在不改变霍尔推力器特征尺寸的条件下为了提高其低功率时的性能,采用缩小通道局部通流面积的方法,利用增加电离区原子密度来提高工质利用率。实验结果表明,该方法能有效拓展低功率放电范围,控制工质电离过程,增加工质利用率,并提高霍尔推力器在低功率下的推力、比冲和效率性能。羽流发散角优化是后续变截面研究中需要重点关注的问题。     

非麦氏电子分布对霍尔推力器等离子体与壁面相互作用的影响

为深入分析霍尔推力器放电通道的非麦氏电子分布对等离子体与壁面相互作用的影响,采用一维非稳态鞘层动力学模型,统计了等离子体与壁面相互作用的重要物理量。结果表明,非麦氏电子分布函数和麦氏电子分布函数下等离子体与壁面相互作用存在很大差异,电子服从非麦氏电子分布时入射电子在壁面上的能量沉积,以及二次电子对主流区电子的冷却作用都明显弱于电子服从麦氏分布的情形。     

P70霍尔推力器新型缓冲腔磁路对预电离及放电的影响

为有效利用从P70霍尔推力器放电通道进入缓冲腔的快电子能量,考虑两个磁场特征以提高缓冲腔预电离率。一是提高磁感应强度,二是缓冲腔内从气体分配器到放电通道方向的负梯度。采用FEMM有限元磁场计算软件,在不改变推力器电离和加速通道内优化磁场特征的前提下,设计的新型缓冲腔磁路满足上述磁场特征。放电实验结果表明,在新型缓冲腔磁路下放电电流低频振荡幅值更小。新型磁路有助于延长推力器寿命,有助于电离和加速通道内电离与加速区的分离。     

空间推进技术专刊——毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性分析

为了研究毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性,本文借助电学诊断手段展开实验研究,获得了推力器典型放电波形,系统研究了不同毛细管内径和施加电压对等离子体等效阻抗,沉积能量效率的影响规律。利用微冲量测量台架,测试了不同参数下毛细管推力器输出元冲量,并通过计算获得了推力器比冲、总体效率的变化规律。实验结果表明,当毛细管内径不断增大时,能量沉积效率不断下降,元冲量下降,比冲降低。主电容电压增大时,放电能量不断增大,能量沉积效率降低,元冲量和单次等效烧蚀质量不断增大,但推力器比冲和总体效率均先增加并趋于稳定。当毛细管腔体长度为16 mm,内径3 mm,主电容2.5 μF,充电电压为2 kV时,输出元冲量350.79±7.50 μN s,比冲531 s,总体效率可达18.3%。     

多级会切磁场等离子体推力器研究进展

多级会切磁场等离子体推力器是一种电推进装置。在对此类推力器的基本概念、性能优势进行总结的基础上,系统性地回顾了国内外各研究机构不同功率级推力器的发展历程,并介绍了推力器离子加速及电子传导相关物理机制的研究过程。历经21年的发展,多级会切磁场等离子体推力器表现出显著的性能优势,在未来航天推进领域表现出了巨大的发展潜力。德国泰雷兹形成了以HEMP3050推力器为代表的工程化应用产品。我国微观物理机制的研究提升了推力器的认知水平,不同功率级推力器的研究均取得突破性进展,为推力器未来的快速发展奠定了基础。     

无电极洛伦兹力推力器技术发展研究

近年来,为了适应深空探测、载人航天、航天器在轨服务等空间任务的需求,大推力、高比冲、长寿命、高推力密度的高功率电推进技术吸引了众多学者的持续关注.相比于其他类型的高功率电推进技术,无电极洛伦兹力推力器(ELF)在推力密度、推重比等指标上具有明显优势,且从原理上克服了电极烧蚀对高功率电推力器寿命的制约,具有广阔的应用前景...     

稳态等离子体电推进技术研究现状及其关键技术

研究表明,稳态等离子体推力器(SPT)具有比冲大、效率高、寿命长的优点,是具有较高性能的先进空间推进系统之一,已广泛应用于小卫星的姿态控制和轨道保持。概述了SPT的系统组成和工作原理,重点介绍了SPT的研究进展、主要性能参数、关键技术及其在潜在应用领域中的性能优势,指出其关键技术有空心阴极的热设计和结构设计以及弯曲磁场位形的设计。对我国SPT研究内容提出了建议。     

Numerical Simulation of 2D Supersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Channel and Study on Hall Effect

In this research effort,numerical simulation of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) channel is performed and Hall effect is studied.The computational model consists of the Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations coupled with electrical-magnetic source terms,Maxwell equations and the generalized Ohm’s law.Boundary conditions for the electrical potential equation considering Hall effect are derived.To start with,the MHD channel with single-pair electrodes is studied and flow of the electric current is in accordance with physical principle.Then the MHD channel with five-pair electrodes is numerically simulated.The results show that the electrical current concentrates on the downstream of the anode and the upstream of the cathode due to Hall effect,and the flow field becomes asymmetrical.At the current value of the magnetic interaction parameter,the electrical-magnetic force affects the flow remarkably,decreasing the outlet Mach number and increasing the outlet pressure;what’s more,the flow structure in the channel becomes extremely complex.Performances of MHD channels with continual electrodes and segmented electrodes are compared.The results show that performance of the MHD channel with segmented electrodes is better than that with continual electrodes with the increase of Hall parameter.     

Coupling plasma plume of a low-power magnetically shielded Hall thruster with a hollow cathode

The coupling region of a Hall thruster with a hollow cathode is the region between the cathode and the thruster plume. The characteristics of plasma in that region are complicated and strongly associated with the thruster working conditions and the cathode position. In this paper, a laboratory 100 W class magnetically shielded Hall thruster was coupled with a hollow cathode. Optical imaging and electrostatic probe were employed to monitor and scan the plasma plume. Plume characteristics in the coupling region in non-self-sustained mode and self-sustained mode were compared. Evolution of the coupling plume with the cathode position was studied. Experiments show that, when turning the thruster into self-sustained mode or moving the cathode further away axially, the discharge current can be reduced by 6.4–10.6% restraining the electron current and improving ionization. In particular, when the cathode is moved further, the electron conduction near the channel walls is suppressed. The electron current is reduced by 27.4% and the ion beam current is increased by 7%. Overall, this work shows that the working mode of the thruster and the position of the cathode greatly affect the coupling plasma plume. Both play an important role in improving the utilizations of propellant and current.     

阳极层霍尔推力器内轮辐效应不稳定性研究

为研究圆柱形阳极层霍尔推力器内轮辐效应的不稳定性,利用高速相机和静电探针得到1-2-1模式、1-2-3-1模式和1-2-3-2-1模式的轮辐分裂与合并现象。随着磁感应强度由205Gs增加到225Gs,轮辐个数m由1增加到3。轮辐的分裂与合并模式增多,且轮辐的旋转频率随之由25kHz提高到40kHz～50kHz。轮辐效应的存在是电子密度分布函数的宏观体现,动理论方程中力F的波动引起了轮辐的分裂,随着轮辐个数m的增加,电子分布的低频大幅度波动逐渐演变为小幅度高频率的波动。电子密度分布函数的波动引起的轮辐效应产生了角向分布的电场强度与磁场共同作用,增强了电子轴向漂移运动。