A point-wise least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations,using TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 observations

The Caspian Sea has displayed considerable fluctuations in its water level during the past century. Knowledge of such fluctuation is vital for understanding the local hydrological cycles, climate of the region, and construction activities within the sea and along its shorelines. This study established a point-wise satellite altimetry approach to monitor the fluctuations of the Caspian Sea using a complete dataset of TOPEX/Poseidon for the period 1993 to the middle of 2002, and its follow-on Jason-1 for the period 2002 to August 2009. Therefore, 280 virtual time-series were constructed to monitor the fluctuations. The least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) method is, then employed to find the most significant frequencies of the time-series, while the statistical method of principle component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the dominant variability of level variations. The study also used the observations of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 over the Volga River along with 5 years of Volga’s water discharge to study its influence on the Caspian Sea level changes. The LSSA results indicate that the lunar semidiurnal (M2) and the Sun semidiurnal (S2) frequencies are the main tidal frequencies of the Caspian Sea with the mean amplitude of 4.2 and 2.8 cm, respectively. A statistically significant long-term frequency (12.5-years period) is also found from altimetry and tide gauge observations. A phase lag, related to the inter-annual frequencies of the Volga River was detected from the point-wise time-series showing level propagation from the northwest to the southeast of the sea. The cross-correlation between the power spectrum of Volga and that of the northern-most, middle, and southern-most points within the Caspian Sea were respectively 0.63, 0.51 and 0.4 of zero-lag correlation, corroborating the influence of the Volga River. The result of PCA also shows that different parts of the Caspian Sea exhibit different amplitudes of level variations, indicating that the point-wise approach, when employing all available satellite measurements could be a suitable method for a preliminary monitoring of this inland water resource as it gives accurate local fluctuations.     

Experimental investigation on deformation behavior of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant subjected to principal stress rotation

The knowledge of mechanical properties of lunar soil is of fundamental importance for the coming exploration of the Moon. This paper aims to investigate the fundamental deformation behavior of lunar soil and the effects of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress during the principal stress rotation. First, an improved technique was proposed to generate homogeneous samples based on the Multi-layer Undercompaction Method. Second, three series of tests on TJ-1 lunar soil simulant under the principal stress rotation were performed with a hollow cylinder apparatus at Tongji University, China. In each series of tests, only one value of the three variables mentioned above was changed while the others were kept constant. The test results demonstrate that the rotation of principal stress can result in significant plastic deformation, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality (non-coincidence of the increment direction of principal plastic strain with the principal stress direction) of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant. In addition, it is found that the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress have different influences on the four strain components, i.e. _εz,_εr,_εθ${\epsilon }_z\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\text{r}}\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\theta }$ and _γzθ${\gamma }_{z\theta }$, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality during the principal stress rotation. The influence of deviatoric stress ratio is relatively stronger than the others. Therefore, the influence of principal stress rotation on the deformation behavior of lunar soil should be taken into account carefully in the design and construction of facilities on the lunar surface in the future.     

嫦娥一号卫星撞月时刻与坐标精确分析

针对CE-1卫星精确的撞月时刻与撞月点坐标,首先通过探测器载波信号的本地相关处理技术,精确分析了载波信号在VLBI各测站的消失时刻,进而推算了卫星的撞月时刻;通过实时单向多普勒频移测量的事后分析,核实了卫星撞月过程中的飞行姿态演化;最后结合VLBI互相关时延与测距资料,经定位归算确定撞月点坐标。分析表明,CE-1卫星撞月时刻的误差为±5μs,撞月点坐标月面切向和三维定位误差分别约为0.274km和0.319km(1σ)。     

可调高压导叶对1＋1/2对转涡轮性能影响的数值研究

对1＋1/2对转涡轮高压导叶转动不同角度后不同落压比时的涡轮性能进行了数值计算和分析,获得了不同导叶开度和不同落压比对涡轮性能影响的关系曲线.结果表明,高压导叶转角的变化可以有效地调节1＋1/2对转涡轮的流量;当导叶打开时,随着落压比的变化涡轮效率存在一个峰值,当导叶关闭时,涡轮效率随落压比的减小持续降低,并且降低的幅...     

均匀化处理对7A55铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了单级均匀化和双级均匀化工艺对铸态7A55铝合金组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,经450℃单级均匀化处理后,合金中的残留共晶仍然较多,保温60h时合金中残留共晶比例由铸态合金的15.2%减少至7.2%,合金硬度由72HRB降低至60HRB,伸长率则由2.1%增大至11.2%;经450℃/60h+470℃双级均匀化处...     

大型民用窄体客机液压系统分析探讨

分析和对比了同座级的空客A320和波音737的液压系统,并研究了民机液压系统的发展趋势。     

北斗／罗兰-C组合定位技术

“北斗一号”是我国的卫星导航系统,其有源定位模式使其很难得到广泛应用。为此,提出了一种北斗／罗兰-C组合定位方案以实现无源定位。该方案利用“北斗一号”两颗卫星和地面罗兰-C台站获得的距离差信息实现双曲线相交定位。仿真结果表明,该方案的精度可以满足一般定位要求,具有较强的实用性。     

基于GJB 5000A二级的航天系统软件配置管理解决方案

军用软件研制能力成熟度模型(GJB 5000A-2008)作为一种标准只是提出了软件过程要达到一定成熟度能力的要求,给出了软件过程改进的阶梯式进化框架,但是并没有具体地告知该如何去做、怎么去做,这成为航天军工企业软件过程改进的一个难点。为解决航天系统软件配置管理工作中存在的问题,提出一种基于GJB 5000A标准的适于航天系统软件实施配置管理的解决方案。项目实践效果表明,与没有实施软件配置管理时相比,在规范管理、团队工作效率、知识库建立、软件安全性和可靠性等方面都有很大的提高。     

星箭锁紧装置黏滞摩擦系数的影响因素研究

星箭锁紧装置是卫星与火箭连接的关键机构。装置中的V形卡块在预紧力施加过程中,易发生偏斜,使得星箭分离配合面接触不均匀,产生应力集中,导致星箭分离面黏着磨损。研究了星箭锁紧装置中的V形卡块和上下端框的铝合金摩擦副在不同影响因素下摩擦系数的变化,探究了温度、正压力以及铝合金表面粗糙度对界面黏着和黏滞摩擦系数的影响。研究结果表明,硫酸阳极化处理的2A14T6-2A14T6比较适合作为摩擦副材料,在加工和锁紧过程中,应合理控制其粗糙度、温度和正压力,以避免黏着磨损。     

天问一号探测器高动态着陆惯导系统设计与试验

考虑到火星探测任务着陆过程动态变化大,稀薄大气环境下开伞会对探测器产生剧烈晃动,为此天问一号探测器研制了一套高动态着陆惯导系统,从硬件产品、使用时序到导航算法方面均进行了针对性设计,以适应着陆过程中的高动态环境.此外,为验证天问一号探测器高动态着陆惯导系统的性能,设计了模拟火星开伞工况的火箭弹高空开伞试验,结果表明该高...