T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

深空网干涉测量数据对嫦娥五号定轨能力分析

针对嫦娥五号探测器(CE-5)开展基于深空网测量数据的定轨能力分析.首先从测量原理分析了深空网VLBI数据的误差源,然后利用CE-5的精密轨道评估了 VLBI数据的误差,最后基于实测数据与协方差分析理论,分析UXB与VLBI数据的定轨能力.结果表明:转移阶段,单独利用深空网测量数据可以获取优于1 km的转移轨道精度,标...     

基于BU-61580的MIL-STD-1553B远程终端设计

介绍了MIL-STD-1553B总线和BU-61580芯片的特点,给出了基于BU-61580的MIL-STD-1553B远程终端设计思路和方法。最后结合工程实际给出了利用单片机MS1210Y5对BU-61580的初始化、接收、发送过程。     

高校图书流通的5M1E管理法

借鉴质量管理中的"人机料法环测"(5M1E)因果分析管理方法,提出了高校图书流通管理的5M1E分析管理方法.在分析高校图书流通过程中诸要素的作用及其相互关系的基础上,阐述了"以读者为核心,以网络为平台,以图书为对象,依规程做约束.依测量做评价,依环境做创新"的高校图书流通管理指导思想及分析管理方法.     

适合多种机床结构的数控系统5坐标变换库

研究了适合多种结构布局形式的统一坐标变换方法,开发出数控系统5坐标变换函数库,并作为坐标变换控制模块集成到数控系统中.分析了5坐标数控机床运动学模型,归纳出12种5坐标数控机床结构布局,并推导了对应的坐标变换数学算法.通过结构分析和数学变换将12种算法扩展归纳到3类基础算法,并基于3类基础算法开发出适合多种机床结构布局的5坐标变换库.利用机床三维仿真系统验证了5坐标变换库的可行性,并将该坐标变换库集成到北京航空航天大学开发的CH-2010开放式数控系统中.     

A New Scheme and Microstructural Model for 3D Full 5-directional Braided Composites

Three-dimensional(3D) braided composites are a kind of advanced ones and are used in the aeronautical and astronautical fields more widely. The advantages, usages, shortages and disadvantages of 3D braided composites are analyzed, and the possible approach of improving the properties of the materials is presented, that is, a new type of 3D full 5-directional braided composites is developed. The methods of making this type of preform are proposed. It is pointed out that the four-step braiding which is the most possible to realize industrialized production almost has no effect on the composites'properties. By analyzing the simulation model, the advantages of the material compared with the 3D 4-di- rectional and 5-directional materials are presented. Finally, a microstructural model is analyzed to lay the foundation for the future theoretical analysis of these composites.     

激光焊接ZL114A/5A06 异种铝合金接头组织及性能

采用激光焊接ZL114A/5A06异种铝合金,通过参数优化以获得性能优良的焊接接头,利用光学显微镜(OM)、拉力试验机、高温疲劳试验机、SEM和EDS对接头的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝中心区的金相组织为等轴晶;接头焊后不经热处理,抗拉强度可达到265 MPa,为母材强度的80%以上,并有很好的抗疲劳性能;断口分析显示断裂位置在ZL114A母材一侧的熔合线附近;在保证焊透的前提下,激光功率越小,晶粒越细小,接头强度越高。对框架蒙皮结构铝合金贮箱产品试验件进行了焊接,试验件达到了产品各项性能指标要求。     

水杨醛缩－5－碘－8－氨基喹啉新西夫碱试剂的合成及其分析应用研究──分光光度法测定痕量镓

本文介绍了水杨醛缩－５－碘－８－氨基喹啉新西夫碱的合成、提纯与鉴定。特别对其性质及其与镓金属离子显色反应的光度特性作了研究，其配合物３．４９×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１）．     

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

H-450 X射线参考辐射质的研建及验证

根据PTB和ISO 4037-1:2019要求,关于高空气比释动能系列（H系列）X射线参考辐射质的推荐数据,外推得出H-450的附加过滤为6.24 mm Cu,第一半值层（HVL_1st）为(5.39~5.52)mm Cu,平均光子能量为(214.25~214.78)keV,剂量率为11.51 Gy/h（距离焦斑为1 m处,管电流为10 mA）。随后,使用PTW32005电离室作为测量器具,采用半值层法建立H-450 X射线参考辐射质,得出HVL_1st为5.37 mm Cu,第二半值层（HVL_2nd）为5.97 mm Cu,同质系数为0.9。最后,使用PTW30013次级标准电离室测量得出H-450 X射线参考辐射质下距离焦斑1 m,管电流为10 mA时的剂量率值为11.98 Gy/h,与理论值的相对误差为4.07 %。采用MCNP 5软件对H-450 X射线参考辐射质进行能谱模拟并计算得出其平均光子能量为200.4 keV。