计算风工程中几个关键影响因素的分析与建议

通过近几年进行建筑计算风工程的实践与体会,并参考国内外的一些文献,本文给出了合理选取建筑数值风洞大小、最好采用SSTk-ω或BSL雷诺应力湍流物理模型及在建筑模型中的不同区域应按不同的网格尺度要求划分网格的建议;在CFX5软件平台中,对复杂的建筑体型,可选用非结构化网格和四面体单元,对流项的插值格式宜采用接近二阶的混合格式。还选取一立方体建筑模型,通过数值模拟、现场实测和风洞实验结果的比较对建议进行了验证。最后通过未受扰动数值风洞中入口边界条件的保持,给出了适用于我国建筑工程中A、B、C、D四类地面粗糙度类别的入口湍流边界条件,可参考采用。     

非圆等距型面轮廓X-C轴联动高速磨削试验北大核心CSCD

针对非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工存在表面质量差的问题,建立基于恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削理论模型。选用陶瓷CBN砂轮进行三弧段非圆等距型面轮廓的高速磨削正交试验,探究砂轮线速度、工件速度和磨削深度对磨削比能、切向磨削力、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响规律。分析表明,砂轮线速度对切向磨削力、表面形貌的影响最大,磨削深度对磨削比能、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响最大。进行表面形貌观测未探测到明显的磨削烧伤区域,证明恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削方式可用于非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工。     

终端区域理想速度剖面的生成

本文着重探讨了飞机进入终端区域后理想速度剖面的生成问题,目的是通过执行理想剖面生成算法,达到对飞机进行精确的时间控制,消除等待时间,提高机场利用率,达到节省燃料减少延误的目的。     

构架式天线柔性动力学建模与展开精度分析

构架式可展开天线具有结构非线性强、桁架系统复杂以及运动环节多等特点,通常被视作刚体系统进行建模分析。然而多刚体动力学方法在求解复杂的连杆结构时,难以处理数量大、非线性强的铰接间隙模型,因此并不能准确还原真实的结构特性,给构架式天线的地面展开验证带来很大困难。本文建立了一套适用于该型天线的柔性多体动力学模型,通过引入微小弹性形变来消除铰链间隙对天线展开的影响,并在型面精度方面与期望的天线展开模型进行了比较说明。在确保不影响结构真实性的前提下,通过降阶、引入稳定系数等手段提高了柔性体单元计算效率。通过约束方程的设计与模块拆分求解等方法,消除结构非线性的影响。解决了针对构架式可展开天线的复杂桁架系统强非线性动力学的高精度建模问题,为构架式天线的仿真提供了技术手段。     

Modeling and experiment of grinding wheel axial profiles based on gear hobs

Hobbing is one of the crucial gear manufacturing processes with high precision and high efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of hobbing and hob relief grinding, more precise grinding wheels are demanded for relief grinding in the production of gear hobs. In this paper, a new and accurate mathematical method for calculating the axial profile of grinding wheel based on the corresponding gear hob to be ground is proposed. Considering that most researches have been conducted to focus on the optimization of hob geometric feature and only can be applied to a specific type of hand of helix and rake angle of gear hobs. The method in this paper can be served as a general algorithm for generating axial profile of grinding wheels on the basis of the spatial envelope theory, the principle of coordinate system transformation, and studies on normal profile of single-tooth. The accuracy of grinding hobs is based on applying the approach in practical manufacturing. Taking two typical different kinds of pre-grinding gear hobs as examples for calculation and experiment, the results of tooth profile errors strengthen the position that the validity and feasibility of this method, it can be employed for gear hob design and grinding processing.     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

Effect of U-grooves on high-lift low pressure turbine profile＇s incidence characteristics

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明：相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.     

涡轮多学科优化中的气动设计技术探讨

通过对涡轮多学科优化的分析,讨论了多学科优化中的气动设计技术.提出了基于叶栅特征参数和贝塞尔函数的二维叶栅参数化造型方法,并结合积叠轴的掠、弯形成三维复杂几何叶片成型技术.通过对气动优化过程中的数学模型分析,给出了一般要求的约束条件,并根据不同阶段的气动设计和约束条件提出了分阶段嵌套优化方法.针对三维气动计算,对商用软件CFX进行了二次开发,实现了三维计算的自动分网、建模、求解和后处理.最后,结合具体算例完成的优化设计结果表明,其涡轮效率提高了约2.3%,工作叶片数减少13.21%,叶片叶身总质量下降8.96%.      

一种基于单站仅测角观测的弹道射向估计算法

针对单站仅测角条件下的弹道射向估计问题,提出了一种新的基于推力加速度模板的弹道射向估计算法。首先,建立以射向为待估参数的弹道平面切割模型,获得一组备选弹道曲线。其次,通过UKF算法从每条备选弹道曲线中估计出推力加速度曲线。最后,将得到的推力加速度曲线与推力加速度模板进行匹配,进而得到弹道射向估计结果。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种改进的频率步进雷达信号性能分析

在分析目标运动对频率步进信号一维距离像影响的基础上,提出了一种改进的频率步进信号,即参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号,研究了这种信号的数学模型和处理方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与频率步进信号相比,参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号的多普勒性能有了很明显的改善,一维距离像不会随目标的运动而产生失真。另外,根据参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号的特点,提出了利用距离微分法实现速度粗补偿和利用脉组误差函数法实现速度精补偿的方法和步骤,仿真结果证明,这两种方法是有效、稳健、可靠的。