大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞技术研究

针对大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞问题,通过杆位移-过载梯度的实时精确调整及取大值逻辑指令切换,设计了迎角保护控制律,实现拉杆到底飞机迎角达到且不超过限制迎角的目的。根据迎角保护控制律的功能及试飞目的,将整个试飞过程分为三个阶段,研究了各个阶段的试飞技术。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制律能够实现迎角保护功能,具有良好的控制效果。     

三维自适应终端滑模协同制导律

针对多枚导弹协同作战的问题,且多枚导弹之间保持有向拓扑通信的条件下,基于终端滑模法设计了视线方向及视线法向的双层协同制导律。其中,视线方向的制导指令能够保证导弹同时完成拦截任务;视线法向上的三维制导律能够保证每枚导弹以期望的视线角攻击目标,从而发挥各枚导弹的最大杀伤力,并且视线角的约束相当于规划了末制导段导弹的弹道问题,在一定程度上避免攻击目标前导弹间发生碰撞。同时,针对所设计的滑模制导律设计了新的自适应律,从而加快了滑模面的收敛速度并且削弱了由符号函数引起的系统抖振现象。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了所设计制导律的正确性,并在最后给出了数学仿真实验,验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

Optimization and verification of free flight separation similarity law in high-speed wind tunnel

Based on the similarity of separation time, a similarity law optimization method for high-speed weapon delivery test is derived. The typical separation state under wind load is simulated by the numerical method. The real separation data of aircraft, separation data of previous test methods, separation data of ideal wind tunnel test of previous methods, and simulation data of the proposed optimization method are obtained. A comparison of the data shows that the method proposed can improve the performance of tracking. Similarity law optimization starts with the development of motion equations and dynamic equations in the windless state to address the problems of mismatching between vertical and horizontal displacement, and to address the problems of separation trajectory distortion caused by insufficient gravity acceleration of the scaling model of existing light model. The ejection velocity of the model is taken as a factor/vector, and is adjusted reasonably to compensate the linear displacement insufficiency caused by the insufficient vertical acceleration of the light model method, so as to ensure the matching of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the projectile, and to improve the consistency between the test results of high-speed projection and the actual separation trajectory. The optimized similarity law is applicable to many existing free-throwing modes of high-speed wind tunnels. The optimized similarity law is not affected by the ejection velocity and hanging mode of the projectile. The optimized similarity law is suitable not only for the launching of the buried ammunition compartment and external stores, but also for the test design of projectile launching and gravity separation.     

基于分数阶微积分理论的最优导引律设计

随着技术的发展及战场环境的日益复杂化,拦截机动目标的需求越来越大。然而传统制导律在拦截机动目标时存在制导精度差、末端过载突变的问题,故提出了一种基于分数阶微积分理论的最优导引律。首先,介绍了分数阶微积分的定义、性质及其数字实现方法;然后,分析了弹目相对运动关系,通过分数阶变阶次建模和最优控制理论推导出了分数阶导引律;最后,仿真结果表明：与传统比例导引法相比,所设计的分数阶最优导引律能够保持比例导引法良好的追踪性能且拦截时间能够缩短2s,末端过载值趋近于0。该方法解决了传统比例导引法在末端由视线角速率发散而导致的末端过载突变问题。     

关于非法科院校学生法治理念的培养

法治理念是对法治的理性认识,是对良好法律秩序状态的精神追求。非法科院校法律教育应重在培养学生的法治理念。为此目的,有必要在法律训导和法律教学的基础上寻求培养方式的多样化。     

2020年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

通过对IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、MEMS国际会议、圣彼得堡组合导航会议、PLANS会议和DGON ISS会议等惯性技术相关会议文献,以及惯性技术相关机构发布的一些动态信息进行梳理,总结分析了惯性技术领域的最新发展动态,并重点介绍了光学陀螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺和加速度计等惯性器件的发展现状,以及美国为增强定位、导...     

通信拓扑切换下的多飞行器协同拦截方法

针对通信拓扑切换条件下的多飞行器协同拦截问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的协同制导方法。建立协同制导设计模型,将协同拦截问题转换为视线稳定条件下的剩余飞行时间调节问题。为解决机动目标状态不确定的问题,将目标的状态视作扰动,设计扩张状态观测器来估计机动目标的状态,并在制导律中对目标的机动进行补偿。利用有限时间一致性理论进行一致性控制协议的设计,实现各飞行器剩余飞行时间的有限时间一致,并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析通信拓扑切换情况下闭环系统的有限时间稳定性,给出了系统一致收敛时间。仿真结果表明,在通信拓扑变换的情况下,设计的观测器能够有效估计目标状态,且协同制导律能够满足对剩余飞行时间的控制要求,进而实现协同拦截。     

蜻蜓起飞过程飞行特征实验

针对蜻蜓自由起飞过程和准自由起飞过程进行实验观测,采用两个光轴相互垂直的高速摄像机进行拍摄,通过特征点匹配和三维重构方法准确地捕捉了两种起飞过程中蜻蜓身体和翅膀的运动参数,并进行运动特征分析与对比。实验结果表明:蜻蜓在自由起飞过程中采用同步振翅,离地后逐步转换成异步振翅(约110°),最大瞬时竖直加速度可以达到20m/s2;在准自由起飞过程中采用异步振翅(相位差180°),之后相位差逐步降低,最大瞬时竖直加速度为12m/s2;此外发现同步振翅、大攻角下拍及大拍动角有利于升力的产生。      

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

高超声速战术导弹精确制导律设计

高超声速战术导弹以其固有的特点在高速目标拦截上应用前景巨大.如何针对高超声速战术导弹高速度、高不确定性的特点设计精确的制导律是导弹能否摧毁目标的关键.针对高超声速战术导弹和高速机动目标建立了相对运动模型,利用自适应滑模控制理论,设计了导弹的自适应精确制导律,并进行了仿真分析.结果表明,该制导律具有较好的控制效果.