Manifold dynamics in the Earth–Moon system via isomorphic mapping with application to spacecraft end-of-life strategies

Recently, manifold dynamics has assumed an increasing relevance for analysis and design of low-energy missions, both in the Earth–Moon system and in alternative multibody environments. With regard to lunar missions, exterior and interior transfers, based on the transit through the regions where the collinear libration points L₁ and L₂ are located, have been studied for a long time and some space missions have already taken advantage of the results of these studies. This paper is focused on the definition and use of a special isomorphic mapping for low-energy mission analysis. A convenient set of cylindrical coordinates is employed to describe the spacecraft dynamics (i.e. position and velocity), in the context of the circular restricted three-body problem, used to model the spacecraft motion in the Earth–Moon system. This isomorphic mapping of trajectories allows the identification and intuitive representation of periodic orbits and of the related invariant manifolds, which correspond to tubes that emanate from the curve associated with the periodic orbit. Heteroclinic connections, i.e. the trajectories that belong to both the stable and the unstable manifolds of two distinct periodic orbits, can be easily detected by means of this representation. This paper illustrates the use of isomorphic mapping for finding (a) periodic orbits, (b) heteroclinic connections between trajectories emanating from two Lyapunov orbits, the first at L₁, and the second at L₂, and (c) heteroclinic connections between trajectories emanating from the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ and from a particular unstable lunar orbit. Heteroclinic trajectories are asymptotic trajectories that travels at zero-propellant cost. In practical situations, a modest delta-v budget is required to perform transfers along the manifolds. This circumstance implies the possibility of performing complex missions, by combining different types of trajectory arcs belonging to the manifolds. This work studies also the possible application of manifold dynamics to defining suitable, convenient end-of-life strategies for spacecraft orbiting the Earth. Seven distinct options are identified, and lead to placing the spacecraft into the final disposal orbit, which is either (a) a lunar capture orbit, (b) a lunar impact trajectory, (c) a stable lunar periodic orbit, or (d) an outer orbit, never approaching the Earth or the Moon. Two remarkable properties that relate the velocity variations with the spacecraft energy are employed for the purpose of identifying the optimal locations, magnitudes, and directions of the velocity impulses needed to perform the seven transfer trajectories. The overall performance of each end-of-life strategy is evaluated in terms of time of flight and propellant budget.     

水下运载体导航技术

本文第一部分综合了国外近几十年根据不同需求形成的多种水下导航技术,论述了面上导航信息利用水声技术向水下转化的多种形式以及利用不同地球物理参数与地理位置相关性导航的各自特点与问题,论述了在测绘海底地形、重力与其它地球物理特性及其变化时在传感器层面和任务层面融而为一所形成的独具水下特色的同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)导航技术,论述了NavLab作为一个通用工具软件在水下导航系统研发、精度分析以及作业前导航功能规划和导航信息事后处理方面的独特作用。本文第二部分以极具代表性的挪威HUGIN AUV系列产品军民两用为实例,根据任务和导航功能需求,从其“导航工具箱”(ToolBox)选择适用手段,给出典型任务对应的导航方式和传感器。文章结束部分给出了基于先进人工智能技术的未来展望。     

基于辅助短语标记的名词短语识别

名词短语的识别是自然语言处理领域中非常重要的子任务.而名词短语的识别性能与识别效率一直是研究人员关注的焦点,为了达到兼顾二者的目的,提出了一种基于辅助短语标记识别名词短语的方法.首先,在分析了短语不同分类体系的基础上,构建了一种映射公式,并根据该公式对不同分类体系的短语类别之间进行映射.然后,根据映射结果及短语的概率分布进行辅助短语标记的组合.实验结果表明,本文的方法在提高F值的基础上,有效地降低了系统的时间开销.     

航天测控系统自主运行的关键技术

航天事业发展趋势和未来需求指明,航天测控系统应该向以自主运行能力为代表特征的智能化方向发展。基于此,提出了标准化的支持与服务、映射现实的体系架构、实时响应的运行模式、服务化的基础平台等4项关键技术。通过将测控系统和卫星系统之间的接口、测控系统和用户系统之间的接口标准化,从而在此基础上建立最优化的操作逻辑。通过在计算机中映射现实系统的思想方法,从而产生稳定性和灵活性兼备的、支持自主运行的,并具有良好进化性能的系统架构。通过实时响应的运行模式可以很好满足全时段和突发性等具有挑战性的测控服务需求。通过大数据和云计算技术构建基础计算服务平台实现基础层与业务层分离,有利于整个系统的持续改进,提高服务质量改善的速度,建立竞争力优势。由此说明,在当前技术条件下实现自主运行的航天测控系统是可行的。     

关于非扩张映像的修正粘滞迭代格式

设H是Hilbert空间,X是Banach空间,C是H或X中的非空闭凸子集,T是C→C的非扩张映射,且f是C→C的压缩映射。受H．K．Xu对粘滞迭代算法讨论的启发,提出一种新的粘滞迭代算法,xn＋1=T[（1-αn）xn＋αnf（xn）],n≥0,其中x0∈C,C是Banach空间中的非空闭凸子集,分别在Hilbert空间和Banach空间框架下证明了序列{xn}是强收敛的。     

The Cassini Visual And Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (Vims) Investigation

The Cassini visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) investigation is a multidisciplinary study of the Saturnian system. Visual and near-infrared imaging spectroscopy and high-speed spectrophotometry are the observational techniques. The scope of the investigation includes the rings, the surfaces of the icy satellites and Titan, and the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. In this paper, we will elucidate the major scientific and measurement goals of the investigation, the major characteristics of the Cassini VIMS instrument, the instrument calibration, and operation, and the results of the recent Cassini flybys of Venus and the Earth–Moon system.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

基于分层神经网络的航天器故障诊断技术

为了提高卫星、飞船等复杂系统的故障诊断速度和精度,文章提出了一种基于分层神经网络的整星故障诊断模型。模型中的上层神经网络采用自组织特征映射网络,完成整星故障的初步定位与辨识;下层神经网络采用广义回归神经网络,实现整星各分系统故障的精确定位和定因。引入主元分析法实现原始状态变量的降维,减少神经网络神经元数量。该模型已成功应用于某卫星各分系统的故障诊断,提高了诊断效率,并能精确给出诊断结果。     

舵面结构参数化建模方法及气动弹性应用

以典型舵面为对象研究适用于飞行器部件的结构参数化建模方法及应用。首先,提出一种基于有限元方法,及映射变换法则的,由二维网格参数化剖分向三维外形展开的,参数化描述思路,通过Matlab编程实现其流程算法;然后,将舵面参数化建模,与结构动力学及颤振分析相结合,分别将结构模型、气动网格和插值结点做参数化描述,进而实现舵面颤振分析模型的参数化;最终,将参数化建模方法,与遗传算法优化流程相结合,实现舵面外形及结构参数的优化设计。以某全动尾翼模型为例,应用文中方法极大提高了结构建模效率;与遗传算法相结合,在满足约束条件的前提下,实现了该舵面初始方案47%的结构减重效果。研究成果可为概念设计阶段的舵面设计提供指导。     

A comparative study of ionospheric IRIEup and ISP assimilative models during some intense and severe geomagnetic storms

Three-dimensional (3-D) electron density matrices, computed in the Mediterranean area by the IRI climatological model and IRIEup and ISP nowcasting models, during some intense and severe geomagnetic-ionospheric storms, were ingested by the ray tracing software tool IONORT, to synthesize quasi-vertical ionograms. IRIEup model was run in different operational modes: (1) assimilating validated autoscaled electron density profiles only from a limited area which, in our case, is the Mediterranean sector (IRIEup_re(V) mode); (2) assimilating electron density profiles from a larger region including several stations spread across Europe: (a) without taking care of validating the autoscaled data in the assimilation process (IRIEup(NV)); (b) validating carefully the autoscaled electron density profiles before their assimilation (IRIEup(V)).The comparative analysis was carried out comparing IRI, IRIEup_re(V), ISP, IRIEup(NV), and IRIEup(V) foF2 synthesized values, with corresponding foF2 measurements autoscaled by ARTIST, and then validated, at the truth sites of Roquetes (40.80°N, 0.50°E, Spain), San Vito (40.60°N, 17.80°E, Italy), Athens (38.00°N, 23.50°E, Greece), and Nicosia, (35.03°N, 33.16°E, Cyprus). The outcomes demonstrate that: (1) IRIEup_re(V), performs better than ISP in the western Mediterranean (around Roquetes); (2) ISP performs slightly better than IRIEup_re(V) in the central part of Mediterranean (around Athens and San Vito); (3) ISP performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one in the eastern Mediterranean (around Nicosia); (4) IRIEup(NV) performance is worse than the IRIEup(V) one; (5) in the central Mediterranean area, IRIEup(V) performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one, and it is practically the same for the western and eastern sectors.Concerning the overall performance, nowcasting models proved to be considerably more reliable than the climatological IRI model to represent the ionosphere behaviour during geomagnetic-ionospheric storm conditions; ISP and IRIEup(V) provided the best performance, but neither of them has clearly prevailed over the other one.     

基于GMF方法的捕风一号风速反演分析

全球尺度高时空分辨率海面风场探测是当前全球气象研究及预报预测领域的关注热点之一,传统海面风场探测技术存在测量区域有限,且受天气环境限制明显等问题.基于全球导航卫星系统-反射(GNSS-R)测量技术风速反演原理,以捕风一号1级数据产品为输入,欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析风速数据为参考风速,采用地球物理模型函数(GMF)方法...