极区中层夏季回波与频率关系的初步分析

研究不同频率的雷达体在不同时间和地点测量的极区中层夏季回波(Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes,PMSE)体反射率,发现雷达体反射率与工作频率的4次方成反比,即产生PMSE回波的散射体的雷达散射截面与频率的4次方成反比,这种频率依赖关系不同于传统湍流理论.最后提出了PMSE实验和理论研究的新方法.      

湍流特性对矩形高层建筑风荷载影响的研究

为研究湍流特性对矩形高层建筑风荷载及周围绕流特性的影响,对4种不同地貌条件下9种深宽比的矩形高层建筑进行了风洞测压试验,考察了湍流度与湍流积分尺度对不同深宽比建筑平均、脉动与极值风压,以及横风向气动力谱和流动分离再附特性的影响规律.结果表明,随湍流度增大,分离流更早再附于侧风面上,郊区地貌下再附点出现位置较开阔地貌提前...     

大气电波折射引起无线定位误差的试验研究

由于空中大气介质的不均匀性使得电波传播速度减慢射线产生弯曲,从而产生折射误差。因此要提高无线电定位的精度,就必须进行电波折射修正。本文提出了电波折射误差快速算法及修正。     

大型航天器装配精度检测技术发展综述

简要介绍了大型航天器装配检测对航天器研制的意义，如舱段结构尺寸精度测量、设备安装位姿测量、机构位姿动态监测、结构变形监测等。分析了美国NASA、欧洲ESA 以及中国等世界主要宇航机构大型航天器装配检测技术现状，列出了当前常用的装配检测方法和技术指标，剖析了测量原理。结合未来大型航天器尺寸越来越大、精度要求越来越高、任务越来越复杂等特点和装配检测需求，讨论了未来大型航天器装配检测技术的发展趋势，重点分析了多系统集成测量技术的发展、定制化的测量传感器研制以及自动化测量设备开发等发展趋势。     

A new method for improving the performance of an ionospheric model developed by multi-instrument measurements based on artificial neural network

There are remarkable ionospheric discrepancies between space-borne (COSMIC) measurements and ground-based (ionosonde) observations, the discrepancies could decrease the accuracies of the ionospheric model developed by multi-source data seriously. To reduce the discrepancies between two observational systems, the peak frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) derived from the COSMIC and ionosonde data are used to develop the ionospheric models by an artificial neural network (ANN) method, respectively. The averaged root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of COSPF (COSMIC peak frequency model), COSPH (COSMIC peak height model), IONOPF (Ionosonde peak frequency model) and IONOPH (Ionosonde peak height model) are 0.58 MHz, 19.59 km, 0.92 MHz and 23.40 km, respectively. The results indicate that the discrepancies between these models are dependent on universal time, geographic latitude and seasons. The peak frequencies measured by COSMIC are generally larger than ionosonde’s observations in the nighttime or middle-latitudes with the amplitude of lower than 25%, while the averaged peak height derived from COSMIC is smaller than ionosonde’s data in the polar regions. The differences between ANN-based maps and references show that the discrepancies between two ionospheric detecting techniques are proportional to the intensity of solar radiation. Besides, a new method based on the ANN technique is proposed to reduce the discrepancies for improving ionospheric models developed by multiple measurements, the results indicate that the RMSEs of ANN models optimized by the method are 14–25% lower than the models without the application of the method. Furthermore, the ionospheric model built by the multiple measurements with the application of the method is more powerful in capturing the ionospheric dynamic physics features, such as equatorial ionization, Weddell Sea, mid-latitude summer nighttime and winter anomalies. In conclusion, the new method is significant in improving the accuracy and physical characteristics of an ionospheric model based on multi-source observations.     

GDP spatialization in Ningbo City based on NPP/VIIRS night-time light and auxiliary data using random forest regression

Accurate spatial distribution information on gross domestic product (GDP) is of great importance for the analysis of economic development, industrial distribution and urbanization processes. Traditional administrative unit-based GDP statistics cannot depict the detailed spatial differences in GDP within each administrative unit. This paper presents a study of GDP spatialization in Ningbo City, China based on National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP)/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) night-time light (NTL) data and town-level GDP statistical data. The Landsat image, land cover, road network and topographic data were also employed as auxiliary data to derive independent variables for GDP modelling. Multivariate linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) regression were used to estimate GDP at the town scale and were assessed by cross-validation. The results show that the RF model achieved significantly higher accuracy, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 109.46 million China Yuan (CNY)·km⁻² and a determinate coefficient (R² = 0.77) than the MLR model (MAE = 161.8 million CNY·km⁻², R² = 0.59). Meanwhile, by comparing with the estimated GDP data at the county level, the town-level estimated data showed a better performance in mapping GDP distribution (MAE decreased from 115.1 million CNY·km⁻² to 74.8 million CNY·km⁻²). Among all of the independent variables, NTL, land surface temperature (T_s) and plot ratio (PR) showed higher impacts on the GDP estimation accuracy than the other variables. The GDP density map generated by the RF model depicted the detailed spatial distribution of the economy in Ningbo City. By interpreting the spatial distribution of the GDP, we found that the GDP of Ningbo was high in the northeast and low in the southwest and formed continuous clusters in the north. In addition, the GDP of Ningbo also gradually decreased from the urban centre to its surrounding areas. The produced GDP map provides a good reference for the future urban planning and socio-economic development strategies.     

Contribution analysis of QZSS to single-frequency PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo

The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) established by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency mainly serves the Asia-Pacific region and its surrounding areas. Currently, four in-orbit satellites provide services. Most users of GNSS in the mass market use single-frequency (SF) receivers owing to the low cost. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyze and evaluate the contribution of the QZSS to SF precise point positioning (PPP) of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems with the emergence of GNSS and QZSS. This study compares the performances of three SF PPP models, namely the GRoup and PHase Ionospheric Correction (GRAPHIC) model, GRAPHIC with code observation model, and an ionosphere-constrained model, and evaluated the contribution of the QZSS to the SF PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems. Moreover, the influence of code bias on the SF PPP of the BDS system is also analyzed. A two-week dataset (DOY 013–026, 2019) from 10 stations of the MGEX network is selected for validation, and the results show that: (1) For cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of GLONASS + QZSS are reduced by 4.3, 30.8, and 12.7%, respectively, and the positioning accuracy is similar compared with that of the GLONASS system. Compared with the BDS single system, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of BDS + QZSS under 15 and 25° are reduced by 37.6 and 39.2%, the horizontal positioning accuracies are improved by 18.6 and 14.1%, and the vertical components are improved by 13.9 and 21.4%, respectively. At cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the positioning accuracy and precision of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo + QZSS is similar to that of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. And the convergence times are reduced by 7.4 and 4.3% at cut-off elevation angles of 20 and 25°, respectively. In imitating dynamic PPP, the QZSS significantly improves the positioning accuracy of BDS and GLONASS. However, QZSS has little effect on the GPS-only, Galileo-only and GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. (2) The code bias of BDS IGSO and MEO cannot be ignored in SF PPP. In static SF PPP, taking the frequency band of B1I whose multipath combination is the largest among the frequency bands as an example, the vertical component has a systematic bias of approximately 0.4–1.0 m. After correcting the code bias, the positioning error in the vertical component is lower than 0.2 m, and the positioning accuracy in the horizontal component are improved accordingly. (3) The SF PPP model with ionosphere constraints has a better convergence speed, while the positioning accuracy of the three models is nearly equal. Therefore the GRAPHIC model can be used to get good positioning accuracy in the absence of external ionosphere products, but its convergence speed is slower.     

运载火箭全捷联惯性/星光复合制导研究

全捷联惯性/星光复合制导是运载火箭空间快速响应发射的重要途径.针对捷联惯性制导系统中初始定位定向误差、初始调平对准误差及惯性器件漂移等3类主要误差因素,建立了运载火箭的数字平台基准偏差模型和导航误差模型,并提出了一种双星修正策略方案.数值仿真分析了各误差因素对捷联惯性导航精度的影响,并进一步验证了该复合制导方案的可行性...     

弹道导弹中段机动突防制导误差修正方法

针对弹道导弹中段反拦截实时机动突防带来的参数偏差问题,给出了在地球非球形摄动影响下的位置和速度偏差量的计算方法,采用改进的fg级数和预测制导方法获得了机动推力的作用方向及发动机的开启时间,并对再入点误差进行了修正。仿真结果表明,采用该方法可有效地修正因机动突防与地球扁率而引起的再入点参数误差,为末制导系统的工作提供了良...     

基于角点特征的SAR图像与光学图像匹配算法

INS／SAR组合导航系统对SAR实时图像与光学参考图像的匹配算法提出了实时性和准确性要求。文章首先采用一种结合Harries算子与曲率尺度空间的算法,提取SAR图像与光学图像中的角点;然后利用距离约束、角点值约束、边缘约束进行角点匹配。经实验验证,该方法实时性好,匹配精度高,可较好的应用于INS／SAR组合导航系统的...