A comparative and numerical study of effects of gravity waves in small miss-distance and miss-time GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution temperature profiles of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term stability, regardless of weather conditions. In this work, we take advantage of the anomalously high density of occultation events at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains during the initial mission months of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). This region is well-known for its high wave activity. We choose to study two pairs of GPS RO, both containing two occultations that occurred close in time and space. One pair shows significant differences between both temperature profiles. Numerical simulations with a mesoscale model were performed, in order to understand this discrepancy. It is attributed to the presence of a horizontal inhomogeneous structure caused by gravity waves.     

Gravity wave momentum flux generation close to mid-latitude Andes in mesoscale simulations of late 20th and 21st centuries

Adequate representations of diverse dynamical processes in general circulation models (GCM) are necessary to obtain reliable simulations of the present and the future. The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is one of the critical components of GCM. It is therefore convenient to evaluate whether standard orographic GWD parameterizations are appropriate. One alternative is to study the generation of gravity waves (GW) with horizontal resolutions that are higher than those used in current GCM simulations. Here we assess the seasonal pattern of topographic GW momentum flux (GWMF) generation for the late 20th and 21st centuries in a downscaling using the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission conditions. We focus on one of the world’s strongest extra-tropical GW zones, the Andes Mountains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The presence of two GCM sub-grid scale structures locally contributing to GWMF (one positive and one negative) is found to the East of the mountains. For the late 21st century the strength of these structures during the GW high season increases around 23% with respect to the late 20th century, but the GWMF average over GCM grid cell scales remains negative and nearly constant around −0.015 Pa. This constitutes a steady significant contribution during GW high season, which is not related to the GWMF released by individual sporadic strong GW events. This characteristic agrees with the fact that no statistically significant variation in GWMF at source level has been observed in recent GCM simulations of atmospheric change induced by increases in greenhouse gases.     

精密转台系统非线性动态自适应控制器设计

提出了一种用于精密转台平滑鲁棒自适应控制器。通过基于σ改进方案的自适应律估计得到未知摩擦参数和非线性项的常值上界,并且利用一种平滑预测算法来改进用于估计不可测摩擦状态的双观测器。为了抑制不确定非线性项,加入了无抖振滑模控制项。通过Lyapunov方法证明了系统的位置跟踪误差是一致最终有界的。仿真研究表明了该控制方案的有效性。     

绝对式恒光源24位光电轴角编码器在光电经纬仪上的应用

为满足某型光电经纬仪的使用要求,设计了某绝对式恒光源 24位光电轴角编码器分系统。该编码器采用 16位绝对式光学码盘,码盘刻划有粗码道、通圈码道、中精码道和精码道。精码道的线对数为 16 384(14位)。方位和高低编码器的处理电路设计在一块电路板上,采用一片 DSP为主机,6个读数头输出 64路码盘光电信号分别经放大整形、A/D转换输入至 DSP。DSP完成数据采集、细分、译码、校正等处理,把轴的转角变换成 24位自然二进制角度代码输出和上传。使用情况表明:该编码器的光机结构布局合理、性能稳定,电路板和元器件少、操作简单、测角精度高,满足某型光电经纬仪对于编码器系统的要求,具有较高的实用价值。     

惯组中光纤陀螺温度漂移的二维插值建模研究

光纤陀螺对温度较为敏感,输出受温度及温度变化率影响严重,在实际工作中需要对温度漂移误差进行建模补偿。传统多项式拟合方法如最小二乘法,无法很好地满足精度要求。因此,首先对光纤陀螺工作原理与温度漂移误差产生原理进行分析,得出光纤陀螺温度漂移误差特性。利用传统多项式模型对不同温度下启动的光纤陀螺进行建模补偿,得到补偿后的精度并不理想。利用新的二维插值模型对上述试验重新进行建模补偿,结果表明二维插值模型明显优于多项式模型,光纤陀螺的零偏稳定性由补偿前的0.0153(°)/h提高到0.0051(°)/h,有利于工程上应用。     

一种基于输出误差观测的冗余MEMS-IMU标定技术研究

针对传统六位置标定存在标定步骤复杂、标定时间长等问题，同时随着MEMS器件冗余数目增加和冗余配置结构复杂化，利用分立标定技术实现器件误差参数辨识的难度进一步增大，且不同配置结构所采用的标定方法存在通用性较差的问题。因此提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的冗余MEMS-IMU分立标定方案。该方案首先采用小角度建模法实现安装误差的精确建模；然后针对直接以转台三轴角速率为观测值，导致部分状态量不可观的问题，提出了以器件的输出误差值作为观测量、以器件误差参数作为状态量设计Kalman滤波器；最后设计了高精度三轴转台转位编排方式，并利用四陀螺冗余结构进行标定仿真试验。仿真结果表明：该标定方法与六位置标定方案相比，标定精度平均提高了11.37%，可实现MEMS器件误差参数的快速辨识，对实际工程实践具有一定参考价值。     

一种基于动态补偿技术的微小稳态推力还原方法

新型微推力器是未来微纳卫星的生力军,其设计、研制和应用都离不开推力性能测量的工程支撑。在设计和研究阶段,新型微推力器稳态力输出时间与机械式直接测量系统稳态调整时间之间存在匹配问题,无法利用测量系统的稳态响应直接还原推力大小。提出一种基于动态补偿技术的稳态推力还原方法,通过分析稳态力工作时间、稳态力大小与测量系统稳态响应之间的关系,提出了动态补偿器的设计原则和推力还原步骤,并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：当稳态推力实际工作时间大于测量系统周期的0.25倍,且小于测量系统稳态调整时间时,可利用动态补偿器设计原则建立新的等效测量系统,使最终的输出达到稳态,并利用最终的稳态响应均值还原推力大小。     

控制系统模拟信号处理方法研究

模拟量采集精度对控制系统具有重要意义.研究了模拟量采集过程的软件设计流程,层次划分和模型,从传感器AD值到模拟量物理值之间不同处理阶段给出了常用方法描述.针对错误处理详细描述了错误诊断方法.最后将模拟量采集软件应用于某发动机模拟量采集中,通过试验进行模拟量测量值和软件输出值对比计算,结果表明此模拟量采集软件输出模拟量精度均在有效范围内.     

惯导平台式重力测量技术实现及应用

详细阐述了解析方位双轴惯导平台式重力测量的工作原理,并通过基于方位余弦积的惯导力学编排解决了极区工作问题。在常规平台式重力测量数据处理方法的基础上,针对高动态环境提出了基于Kalman滤波的运动扰动修正方法。在此基础上研制了ZL11-1A型国产惯导平台式海洋重力仪。通过与国外主流重力仪产品海上同船作业比对,结果表明,该型重力仪在高海况下测量精度依然优于1mGal,满足重力测量作业要求。     

航空齿轮磨削加工安装偏心误差补偿研究

磨齿加工时齿坯几何中心与回转工作台轴心存在安装偏心误差,降低了磨齿加工精度。以数控成型砂轮磨齿机工作原理为基础,建立偏心误差磨削加工几何模型;提出安装偏心误差补偿法,建立偏心误差补偿数学模型,通过数学模型求出磨削砂轮在X、Y两个方向的进给补偿增量;以YK73125数控成型砂轮磨齿机为例,进行安装偏心误差补偿实验,齿轮的左右齿面单个齿距极限偏差绝对值分别减小了0.9μm和1.6μm,齿距累积总偏差绝对值分别减小了49.6μm和43.3μm。结果表明:安装偏心误差与单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差成正比;采用安装偏心误差补偿进行磨齿加工,有效地减小了单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差,齿轮的精度有所提高。