激波管壁面边界层脉动特性的分析与计算

本文分析了激波管壁面湍流边界层脉动压力的强度、脉动压力的频率特性及共传播与衰减特性,给出了这些特性的计算方法。通过算例说明了②区和③区壁面脉动压力的强度及其频率随激波马赫数的变化规律,并讨论了壁面脉动对激波管气流品质的影响。     

适于可压缩多尺度流动的紧致型激波捕捉格式

针对可压缩多尺度流动数值模拟特点,研究一种五阶高分辨率紧致型激波捕捉格式——紧致重构加权基本无振荡(CRWENO)格式。该格式利用非线性权系数将低阶紧致格式加权组合以达到高阶精度。在光滑区域蜕化成具有高分辨率的五阶线性紧致格式,在间断附近则能保持计算稳定无振荡。对CRWENO格式、目前广泛使用的加权基本无振荡(WENO)格式及两格式对应的线性格式(即五阶线性迎风格式和五阶紧致格式)进行数值性能研究,评估非线性权系数对格式耗散及频谱特性的影响。使用一维、二维、三维典型算例进行数值试验,探讨线性/非线性、紧致/非紧致格式在可压缩多尺度流动模拟中的优势和不足。结果表明,CRWENO格式在强压缩性流场模拟中能够稳定地捕捉激波,其紧致特性则改善了非线性格式普遍存在的耗散过大、分辨率较差的问题,使其能够清晰捕捉多尺度流动结构。因此,该格式在可压缩多尺度流动模拟中具有较大优势。     

基于1.55μm的全光纤测速激光雷达

针对传统相干激光雷达难于实现本振光与信号光波前匹配的问题,设计了一种基于光纤低损窗口1.55μm的全光纤测速激光雷达.系统以全光纤器件构成整个光路结构,偏振无关光纤环形器与Cassegrain型望远镜组成收发合置光学天线.给出了激光雷达的整体方案和系统设计,并对接收机的光混频、天线与单模光纤的耦合、信号检测和数据采集处理等技术进行了讨论.通过实验说明,全光纤测速激光雷达对空间光随机噪声有较好的抗干扰能力,提高了干涉条文可见度和雷达系统的性能,所得的速度分辨率优于0.5mm/s,输出非线性度小于0.1％.     

Distinct EUV minimum of the solar irradiance (16–40 nm) observed by SolACES spectrometers onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in August/September 2009

In the field of terrestrial climatology the continuous monitoring of the solar irradiance with highest possible accuracy is an important goal. SolACES as a part of the ESA mission SOLAR on the ISS is measuring the short-wavelength solar EUV irradiance from 16–150 nm. This data will be made available to the scientific community to investigate the impact of the solar irradiance variability on the Earth’s climate as well as the thermospheric/ionospheric interactions that are pursued in the TIGER program. Since the successful launch with the shuttle mission STS-122 on February 7th, 2008, SolACES initially recorded the low EUV irradiance during the extended solar activity minimum. Thereafter it has been observing the EUV irradiance during the increasing solar activity with enhanced intensity and changing spectral composition. SolACES consists of three grazing incidence planar grating spectrometers. In addition there are two three-signal ionisation chambers, each with exchangeable band-pass filters to determine the absolute EUV fluxes repeatedly during the mission. One important problem of space-borne instrumentation recording the solar EUV irradiance is the degradation of the spectrometer sensitivity. The two double ionisation chambers of SolACES, which could be re-filled with three different gases for each recording, allow the recalibration of the efficiencies of the three SolACES spectrometers from time to time.     

航空发动机压气机内气液非平衡冷却特性研究

针对航空涡轮发动机来流雾化冷却对压气机内气动脉动的影响,考虑壁面液膜成形和运动,基于欧拉-拉格朗日多相流方法解析气液两相热质非平衡传输过程,应用快速傅里叶变换方法将压气机性能参数随旋转周期演变规律的时域脉动敏感性转化为频域功率谱密度的直观分析。结果表明,压气机内气液非平衡蒸发相变易诱发流场在时间和空间上非定常的气动脉动,雾化冷却参数与总温比成线性关系,而与总压比和效率均成非线性关系。在雾化量0.5%~5%和雾化平均粒径1~9 μm范围内,较低的雾化量或较小的雾化平均粒径时,时域总压比的脉动程度更大;在较低的雾化量或较大雾化平均粒径时,时域总温比的脉动程度更强;而在较高的雾化量或较大的雾化平均粒径时,时域效率脉动程度更高。同时,雾化冷却量变化对湿压缩过程中流场的时域脉动敏感性程度大于雾化粒径变化。     

基于铣削力的刀具磨损监控研究

以铣削实验为基础,分析了铣削力中包含的与刀具磨损状态有关的频谱特征,分析了切削用量对切削力功率谱的影响,对比了切削力各分量的特征对刀具磨损状态的反映.从对铣削力功率谱的分析中得出:径向力功率谱对刀具磨损状态更敏感,其中有与刀具磨损状态密切相关的特征频段,而切削用量对该特征频段的影响不明显;还通过对切削力的时域分析,讨论了铣削力中径向力和切向力的分力比值对刀具磨损状态的反映.     

N-S方程数值模拟方法研究及边界层中相干结构的非线性演化

建立了一套三维不可压流动的直接数值模拟方法。该算法在x及y向构造了基于非等间距网格的紧致有限差分格式和非线性项的迎风紧致型格式,在z向采用Fourier谱方法。并研究、提出了三维、非定常流体运动下游边界的无反射出流条件。另外,本文还构建了多涡结构的初始扰动理论模型,利用直接数值模拟的方法研究了边界层中多涡结构的非线性演化特点。结果表明多涡结构非线性演化中的许多特点,如雷诺应力分布、高剪切层的形成、喷射和扫掠等与壁湍流中相干结构的发展规律和现象十分相似。同时,通过对边界层中多涡结构的非线性演化问题的直接数值模拟,验证了该算法具有计算精度高,稳定性好,收敛速度快,出流边界影响小等优点。     

M.Shinozuka方法在风荷载模拟中的应用

通过分析现有的风荷载数值模拟方法,认为M.Shinozuka方法得到的脉动风荷载样本的统计特征值能较好的符合理论值。系统阐述了这种方法的分析过程,其中涉及到脉动风压规格化功率谱的推导以及脉动风荷载功率谱的计算。采用MATLAB可以方便有效的进行编程,其中的矩阵函数能够容易的实现Cholesky分解以及随机数的求取等。     

电弧等离子体射流光谱学诊断系统及软件包

本文描述了电弧等离子体射流光谱信号自动化ＣＣＤ测量系统，介绍了自行研制的诊断软件包的功能。我们采用的ＣＣＤ测量系统，数据采集和处理由ＰＣ机实施，其测量速度达到毫秒级，、波长分辨率为０．０１ｎｍ，一次测量光谱范围为２２．０ｎｍ。利用该系统对纯氩和氩、氮混合电弧等离子体射流进行了测量，获得了射流的原子和分子光谱谱图。     

Novel concept of satellite manoeuvre planning using graph theoretical techniques

Manoeuvrable, responsive satellite constellations that respond to real time events could provide data on demand for time-critical tasks, such as disaster monitoring and relief efforts. The authors demonstrate the feasibility of such a system by expanding on a fully analytical method for designing responsive spacecraft manoeuvres using low thrust propulsion. These manoeuvres are perceived as a graph that enables efficient exploration and optimised selection of favourable routes that achieve mission goals while highlighting resilience and redundancy in the mission’s execution. A case study is presented that considers four satellites required to provide flyovers of two targets, with an associated graph of 10,839 possible manoeuvres. Investigation of the graph highlights that a good, but not minimum time, solution can allow the system to perform well, while also providing greater resilience to changes in mission priorities and errors in execution. This analytical approach enables operators to trade-off between a loss of time by using only one satellite versus the disruption of moving multiple satellites for a potentially faster response. The impact of varying mission capabilities, such as using fewer satellites, smaller swath width or less propellant, can be evaluated by reducing the graph without recalculating manoeuvre options.