火花放电合成射流与超声速来流相互干扰特性数值模拟研究

为了指导火花放电式合成射流激励器在超声速流动控制中的应用,数值模拟研究了火花放电合成射流与超声速来流的相互干扰特性。研究表明火花放电式合成射流在超声速流场中产生强烈扰动,产生较强的激波结构;随着射流的喷出,激励器上游分离区和流场中激波呈先增强后减弱的趋势,激波由弓形激波逐渐弱化为斜激波,并且随着放电能量的增加射流与主流的动量通量比不断增大,射流的干扰和控制能力显著增强。由于超声速流的较大惯性及其对腔内气体的引射作用,激励器的腔体回填速率大幅下降、回填时间明显增长,使得激励器的工作频率受到很大限制。     

基于三维场路协同方法的静电损伤仿真测试平台

静电放电已经逐渐成为导致各类电子设备故障的主要原因之一,在电子产品研制过程中通常采用实物测试方式检验产品抗静电能力,但该方式耗费资金过大、可重复性差同时易损伤受试设备。在这种情况下,建立基于三维场路协同方法的静电损伤仿真测试平台有效地解决了上述问题。该平台以电脑仿真技术（CST）软件为基础,通过构建静电放电枪模块,结合受试设备模块和仿真参数设置模块,以时域有限积分法求解器进行仿真,并利用数据输出和处理模块得出结果。利用建立好的仿真测试平台对一台数据传输设备进行8 kV接触放电,观察其表面电流和磁场分布,并对其造成的传导干扰和辐射干扰进行分析。通过建立静电损伤仿真测试平台,实现了静电放电测试的可重复以及无损伤的目的,具有较强的工程指导意义。      

液体火箭可贮存推进剂泄出速度影响因素分析

为提高液体火箭可贮存推进剂泄出速度,缩短泄出时间,通过分析泄出过程中推进剂流动状态及能量变化,建立了推进剂泄出速度的数学模型,按照实际设定参数计算了泄出量,计算结果与实际泄出吻合,并依据模型分析了相关因素对泄出速度的影响程度。结果表明：泄出转接波纹软管管径是影响泄出速度的主要因素,增加软管管径可显著缩短泄出时间;同时,贮箱气枕压力对泄出速度同样具有明显的影响。     

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.     

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

航天器表面电荷激发空间静电场规律研究

从带电表面微元出发,通过求解泊松方程,得到带电介质平板表面邻近空间静电势的解析表达式,建立介质表面电位-介电常数模型,求得了带电介质平板表面电位、表面带电量和介质介电常数三者之间的关系式。结合典型的航天器表面介质材料带电案例,对此类圆盘结构介质平板带电问题进行了仿真分析,结果表明,在介质材料表面电位一定的情况下,表面电荷激发的空间静电势值随距离的增大而减小,并且距离介质表面越近,电势的空间变化率越大;在介质材料带电量相等的情况下,介质表面电位随着介质介电常数的增大而减小,并逐渐趋于一个稳定值,所以在一定范围内选择介电常数较大的介质材料可以降低介质的表面电位,减小介质间发生静电放电的几率。     

燃烧室头部激励的等离子体强化燃烧特性实验研究

等离子体助燃是一种新型的强化燃烧技术,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文开创性地研制了基于旋转滑动弧等离子体的强化燃烧头部,建立了某型航空发动机三头部燃烧室实验件的等离子体助燃实验平台,验证了该等离子体强化燃烧技术应用于型号发动机燃烧室的可行性。实验研究等离子体助燃在不同余气系数和不同输入电压条件下对平均出口温度、燃烧效率、温度分布系数以及熄火边界的影响。实验结果表明,与正常燃烧相比,施加等离子体助燃后的燃烧效率有明显的提高,在输入电压为U0=240V,余气系数为 α=0.8时,等离子体助燃的燃烧效率提高3.24%。实施等离子体助燃后,燃烧室出口温度分布场分布得到明显的改善,在富油工况α=0.8,出口温度分布系数减少39.8%。等离子体助燃输入电压越高熄火边界扩展程度越明显,相比于正常工况条件下,等离子体助燃U0=240V的熄火边界扩宽了7.34%。     

有源功率因数校正技术在脉冲电源设计中的应用

针对节能电火花加工脉冲电源的设计过程中应用了有源功率因数校正技术,电源系统的性能通过工艺试验得到了验证,整个节能电源系统的功率因数提高到0．95。     

阵列式表面电弧等离子体气动激励控制三角翼流动分离的实验

为探索多路阵列式微秒脉冲表面电弧放电(μs-SAD,Microsecond pulse surface arc discharge)对尖前缘小后掠三角翼流动分离的控制效果和作用机理,首先通过放电测试和纹影测试对多路阵列式μs-SAD的激励特性进行研究,揭示其对流场的作用原理,进一步将多路阵列式μs-SAD用于三角翼流动控制,开展了小后掠三角翼流动分离控制低速风洞实验,研究了来流速度、激励电压和激励频率等参数对控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:多路阵列式μs-SAD能够快速放热,单路瞬间放电能量可达68mJ,在流场局部可诱导产生冲击波;机翼前缘多路阵列式μs-SAD能有效改善三角翼大迎角气动特性,当来流速度为30m/s时,使最大升力系数提高27.2%,失速迎角推迟4°;来流速度增大到40m/s时,流动控制效果减弱,使最大升力系数提高15.5%;存在最佳激励频率使无量纲频率F+=1时,控制效果最好;激励电压存在阈值,其随来流速度的增加而增大,当激励电压超过阈值电压继续增大时,流动控制效果不再增强。     

级间进出口几何角度对压气机气动性能和封严效果的影响

为了削弱级间泄漏流对压气机性能的不利影响,提出了一种基于Coanda型几何进出口的级间结构,并以一个亚声速单级轴流压气机为研究对象,数值模拟了5°,10°,20°三种不同级间进出口几何角度对压气机性能的影响。结果表明:改进后的级间进出口几何结构使得压气机流量和效率均略有提升。分析原因是级间出口泄漏流以较小角度与主流汇合,增大了静叶进口气流的轴向速度、径向速度,使得静子通道流动堵塞程度减轻,总压损失减小,扩压能力增强。同时,新结构还减小了级间泄漏流的流量系数,改善了级间封严效果。5°,10°,20°角度下的压气机效率最大分别提升了0.68%,0.63%,0.62%。