一种叶轮机三维叶型黏性反问题方法

提出了一种应用于叶轮机三维叶片气动设计的黏性反问题方法,该方法将叶片表面边界视为是运动的壁面,通过建立并求解壁面法向动量方程,从而可根据给定的压力分布或压力面与吸力面之间的压力差分布直接求解叶型几何.结果表明:该方法可与定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)模拟配合进行求解,鲁棒性强、计算耗时短,且符合真实黏性流动环境,无需对叶型进行黏性修正.算例验证结果显示,该方法在单排和多排叶片环境下都能获得反问题解,计算稳定性和收敛性良好.      

A novel two-stage extended Kalman filter algorithm for reaction flywheels fault estimation

This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter(TSEKF)-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems(ACSs). Firstly, based on the separate-bias principle, a satellite ACSs with actuator fault is transformed into an augmented nonlinear discrete stochastic model; then, a novel TSEKF is suggested such that it can simultaneously estimate satellite attitude information and actuator faults no matter they are additive or multiplicative; finally, the proposed approach is respectively applied to estimating bias faults and loss of effectiveness for reaction flywheels in satellite ACSs, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault estimation approach.     

Invariant and energy analysis of an axially retracting beam

The mechanism of a retracting cantilevered beam has been investigated by the invariant and energy-based analysis. The time-varying parameter partial differential equation governing the transverse vibrations of a beam with retracting motion is derived based on the momentum theorem. The assumed-mode method is used to truncate the governing partial differential equation into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-dependent coefficients. It is found that if the order of truncation is not less than the order of the initial conditions, the assumed-mode method can yield accurate results. The energy transfers among assumed modes are discussed during retrac-tion. The total energy varying with time has been investigated by numerical and analytical methods, and the results have good agreement with each other. For the transverse vibrations of the axially retracting beam, the adiabatic invariant is derived by both the averaging method and the Bessel function method.     

空间飞行器实时仿真多体系统动力学建模

为了解决传统的多体系统动力学模型因必须显式表达多体系统的拓扑构型信息,使得所建数学模型非常复杂而不太适合空间任务级实时仿真的问题,针对具有中心体结构的空间飞行器,采用拟坐标拉格朗日方程推导出简洁的多体系统姿态动力学数学模型,并利用通用仿真平台建立了可实时运行的多体系统姿态动力学仿真模型.在仿真模型上施加测试用极限环控制律,模型输出正常的姿态动力学响应.仿真结果表明,所建模型在模型粒度和运行效率间取得了平衡,满足空间任务级仿真对模型逼真度和实时性的要求.     

New model-based method for aero-engine turbine blade tip clearance measurement

Active control of aero-engine turbine tip clearance is one of the best chances for engine performance uplift currently. To do that, the first requirement is real-time measurement of tip clearance in aero-engine working environment. However, turbine complexity makes it unlikely for tip clearance sensors to be loaded. In recognition of that, this paper proposed a model-based method for tip clearance measurement. Firstly, by considering previously wrongly neglected factors such as load deformation, a mathematical model to monitor dynamic tip clearance changes is built to improve calculation accuracy. Then, after clarifying the coupling relationship between engine models and tip clearance models, this paper builds a component-level mathematical model integrating dynamic characteristics of turbine tip clearance, which helps realize accurate measurement of tip clearance in working environment. How tip clearance affects turbine efficiency is studied afterwards and reported to aero-engine model, so as to mitigate performance difference between aero-engine model and real engines caused by turbine tip clearance. Lastly, by hardware-in-the-loop simulation, tip clearance model demonstrates 15.9% better accuracy than previously built models in terms of turbine centrifugal deformation calculation. As tip clearance measurement model takes averagely 0.34 ms in calculation, meeting the operation requirement, it proves to be an effective new way.     

多点喷射贫预混喷嘴流场及排放特性研究

基于燃料喷射孔与旋流器中空叶片相耦合的发展趋势和避免贫预混喷嘴发生回火和自燃,本文提出了一种新型的带收敛出口、壁面开冷却孔且中空叶片叶背开喷射孔的多点喷射贫预混喷嘴,采用试验研究了其流场和污染排放特性,并采用数值计算对流场和燃料/空气混合特性进行了补充研究。结果表明：主回流区脱离喷嘴出口一段距离,有利于产生脱体火焰而防止发生自燃和回火,且本文喷嘴出口温度监测结果也证实了在喷嘴内未发生自燃和回火;不同压力状态下喷嘴出口截面混合不均匀度SMV（Spatial Mixing Variance）均在4.7%左右,满足低污染燃烧室SMV低于5%的要求;并且污染物排放试验结果表明贫预混喷嘴能同时满足NOx和CO排放要求(@ 15% O2)的Φdome范围较宽,为0.65-0.82,能减少其应用在全环燃烧室的分级数,另外当Φdome低于0.70时,贫预混喷嘴的NOx排放低于10ppmv(@ 15% O2)。本文提出的新型贫预混喷嘴能满足燃气轮机低污染排放要求。     

某型号固体火箭发动机点火过程的数值模拟

采用端面燃烧的固体火箭发动机点火初期形成的受限冷喷流流场，采用简化模型，从曲线坐标下的非定常薄层近似Ｎ－Ｓ方程出发，用新型的ＥＮＯ差分格式，进行了数值模拟；定性地研究了点火药喷流与主装药形状的相互影响，在此基础上提出设计中应该注意的问题。     

参数不确定空间机械臂系统的自适应鲁棒性联合控制

本文讨论载体位置与姿态均不受控制的自由浮动空间机械臂系统的控制问题，基于增广变量法，提出当机械臂与载荷参数不确定时自由浮动空间机械臂追踪惯性空间期望轨迹的自适应棒性联合控制方法。通过仿真运算，证实了方法的有效性。     

弹性飞行器的传感器位置设计

为了消除飞行器的气动弹性与控制系统之间的互相影响,必须适当选择传感器的安装位置。用现代控制理论的方法研究了弹性飞行器传感器的平面设置,提出了带常参数的最优过程模型,建立了旨在抑制弹性振动的性能指标。把庞特里亚金极大值原理与样条拟合方法结合起来,得到了用于速率陀螺设置的简单公式。实例分析和计算表明,利用该方法所得的结果比根轧迹方法简单、准确。     

可重复使用液体火箭发动机智能减损控制技术

液体火箭发动机减损控制技术是一门横跨控制理论与技术、材料科学、液体火箭发动机技术等领域的新兴交叉技术，是工程上实现液体火箭发动机健康监控系统故障控制功能的核心技术之一。文中主要评述了可重复使用液体火箭发动机智能减损控制技术研究进展，分析了减损控制技术与导弹延寿技术之间的区别，指明了存在的主要技术问题和今后的发展趋势。