质子辐照Kapton/Al的蒙特卡罗模拟

采用蒙特卡罗方法(MC方法),模拟了质子辐照时质子的能量损失、射程、射程偏离及其产生的空位缺陷和电离能损分布。模拟结果表明:入射能量在10~300keV区间,Kapton/Al对入射质子的阻止本领主要取决于电子阻止本领,在80keV出现峰值,可作为地面模拟试验能量选取的参考;质子在Kapton/Al中的射程分布可近似看作高斯分布,质子射程及其偏离随能量增加而增加;位移缺陷和电离作用是两个相对的过程,低能时主要表现为位移缺陷,高能时表现为电离作用。     

曲面不锈钢/微晶玻璃层状复合材料的设计制备

设计制备了与1Cr17和0Cr18Ni9不锈钢匹配的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS)系和BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(BAS)系微晶玻璃,研究了微晶玻璃的各项理化性能。利用流延法制备微晶玻璃生带,以此制备符合曲面不锈钢/微晶玻璃层状复合材料,并对复合材料相关性能进行测试。结果表明,所设计制备的玻璃经850℃、30min热处理后可形成线胀系数与对应不锈钢匹配的微晶玻璃,且具有适宜弯曲强度和较低介电常数、介质损耗;由此制备的曲面不锈钢/微晶玻璃层状复合材料具有良好的绝缘性能、结合强度和抗热冲击性能。     

无压浸渗制备Si3N4／Al复合材料的界面反应研究

研究Si3N4多孔预制体的表面氧化程度对无压浸渗制备Si3N4/Al复合材料界面反应以及复合材料性能的影响是复合材料优化设计的基础.不同氧化程度的Si3N4多孔预制体在相同的浸渗工艺下无压浸渗制得Si3N4/Al复合材料,利用EDS,XRD和洛氏硬度计分别测定陶瓷多孔预制体的成份,复合材料的相组成和硬度.结果表明:Si3N4/Al复合材料组成相包括Al,Si3N4,AlN以及少量的Si,Mg2Si,MgO,MgAl2O4;随着氧化程度增加,复合材料内AlN相减少,MgO含量增加,并逐渐出现MgAl2O4相;复合材料的硬度随预制体的氧化程度增加而线性下降;预制体的氧化造成Si3N4和Al之间的反应减弱是硬度下降的重要原因.     

C/SiC-W复合材料的制备与表征

采用化学气相渗透(CVI)结合溶液浸渍法制备C/SiC-W多元基复合材料,利用XRD和SEM对材料的物相组成及微观结构进行表征,并对制备过程的反应机理进行初步探讨.结果表明,W在复合材料中成颗粒团聚状,它不仅能渗入到复合材料的纤维束间,还渗入到纤维束内.制得C/SiC-W复合材料的密度为4.1g/cm3,开气孔率为12%.     

316不锈钢/WC-Co涂层在锌液中的腐蚀

研究了经高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)的316不锈钢WC-Co涂层在锌液中的腐蚀行为,包括腐蚀速度、界面组织形貌和成分的变化.结果表明,WC-Co涂层在锌液中的腐蚀表现为沿裂纹的腐蚀.涂层中的缺陷造成裂纹源,在锌液和热喷涂过程留下的残余热应力的作用下,发生裂纹扩展,形成沿裂纹的腐蚀.铬和铝的扩散能力都比锌强,在产生裂纹的初期,铬和铝将优先锌扩散到裂纹中.如果适当改善喷涂工艺,增加涂层的致密度,可以延长涂层的使用寿命.     

基于放气控制的飞机轮胎自动充气装置设计

根据国内飞机轮胎充气工作的现状,设计了一种基于放气控制的飞机轮胎自动充气装置,介绍了基于此种方式的充气及检测控制过程,针对以往充气装置的不足,此控制方式能够提高轮胎充气及检测的精度。并通过实验证明系统设计合理,满足设计要求,且系统效率高、性能稳定、操作方便,具有较好的经济效益及社会效益。     

孔隙预置技术制备多孔C/SiC复合材料及其性能表征

以玻璃纤维为成孔剂,采用孔隙预置技术制备了发汗多孔C/SiC复合材料.对孔隙结构进行了表征,并研究了材料的力学性能和渗透行为.研究结果表明,采用孔隙预置技术能够有效地实现多孔 C/SiC材料开孔率和孔隙结构控制,该材料具有良好的力学性能和渗透性能.     

CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

The Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) Experiment for the Rosetta Mission: Design, Performances and First Results

The Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) onboard the ROSETTA mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is devoted to study the cometary dust environment. Thanks to the rendezvous configuration of the mission, GIADA will be plunged in the dust environment of the coma and will be able to explore dust flux evolution and grain dynamic properties with position and time. This will represent a unique opportunity to perform measurements on key parameters that no ground-based observation or fly-by mission is able to obtain and that no tail or coma model elaborated so far has been able to properly simulate. The coma and nucleus properties shall be, then, clarified with consequent improvement of models describing inner and outer coma evolution, but also of models about nucleus emission during different phases of its evolution. GIADA shall be capable to measure mass/size of single particles larger than about 15 μm together with momentum in the range 6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ ÷ 4.0 × 10⁻⁴ kg m s⁻¹ for velocities up to about 300 m s⁻¹. For micron/submicron particles the cumulative mass shall be detected with sensitivity 10⁻¹⁰ g. These performances are suitable to provide a statistically relevant set of data about dust physical and dynamic properties in the dust environment expected for the target comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Pre-flight measurements and post-launch checkouts demonstrate that GIADA is behaving as expected according to the design specifications. The International GIADA Consortium (I, E, UK, F, D, USA).     

NONLINEAR FILTERING ALGORITHM FOR INS INITIAL ALIGNMENT

The initial alignment error equation of an INS (Inertial Navigation System) with large initial azimuth error has been derived and nonlinear characteristics are included. When azimuth error is fairly small, the nonlinear equation can be reduced to a linear one. Extended Kalman filter, iterated filter and second order filter formulas are derived for the nonlinear state equation with linear measurement equation. Simulations results show that the accuracy of azimuth error estimation using extended Kalman filter is better than that of using standard Kalman filter while the iterated filter and second order filter can give even better estimation accuracy.