Comparison of electron density measurements from CSES and Swarm satellites with GNSS ionospheric tomography data

Electron density measurements obtained from China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) and Swarm-B can play an increasingly important role in the study of ionosphere above F2 peak height. This study presented a comprehensive comparison of electron density products obtained from Langmuir probe mounted on CSES and Swarm-B with ionospheric tomography for a whole year period of 2019. CSES was fully compared with Swarm-B on a global scale, including both absolute and relative differences, and a new index called NFI was developed to better quantify the similarity between two latitudinal profiles of electron density. CSES and Swarm-B were then compared with tomography respectively in four regions, roughly located in America, Europe, Australia and China. Results indicated that CSES data are consistent with Swarm-B, as NFI values exceed 0.6 for most of the analyses. Tomography and Swarm-B were found to have a good agreement as their biases are less than 0.2 × 10⁵ el/cm³ in general. For the comparison between CSES and tomography, the bias increased to around 0.6 × 10⁵ el/cm³ but the standard deviation changed slightly, validating the underestimation of electron density by CSES. The spatiotemporal comparisons of CSES and Swarm-B with tomography showed that: 1) the differences in electron density were relatively low in middle latitudes and increased rapidly in the regions of equatorial ionization anomaly; 2) Swarm-B has a better consistent with tomography than CSES, but both are capable of detecting ionosphere anomalies such as midlatitude arcs; and 3) CSES and Swarm-B both can capture the seasonal changes of electron density, while their values are basically smaller than those from tomography in Spring and Summer months.     

桥面变形监测的多尺度分析与建立模型

对于利用 GNSS测量技术获取的桥面监测数据,研究如何对其进行准确而有效的处理与 分析,获取桥梁的运营状态,对桥梁的养护与安全运营具有重要意义。从对桥面 GNSS监测数据 的处理与分析方法研究出发,利用 EMD 方法结合频谱分析,得到 EMD 后的IMF 分量的频域范 围,有效地分离出含有振动信息的变形量、趋势分量和高频噪声分量。结合 SSA、EMD 两种信号 处理方法的优点,提出了一种新的 EMD-SSA 耦合模型,将经SSA 去噪后的高频IMF分量与低频 IMF分量和残余项进行重构。对新的信号处理模型通过仿真信号和桥面监测信号进行验证,试验 结果表明,新模型的处理效果较单独的 EMD、SSA 方法的处理效果有了显著提升。与 EMD、SSA 方法相比,利用新方法处理信号后信噪比与相关系数增加,偏差减小,验证了新方法的可行性与有 效性。     

基于模拟场景的接收机授时接口测试方法

介绍了接收机授时接口的工作原理，提出了一种基于模拟工作场景的接收机授时接口新型测试方法，通过设计程控IRIG-B时间码发生器模拟产生异常时码，测试了接收机授时接口的容错性，并以长期授时测试场景用例检验了接收机授时接口工作稳定性，解决了实验室条件下接收机数据时间戳乱序、长期工作中时间戳跳变以及接收机授时信号异常控制等授时接口测试的难题。     

Low Earth orbit constellation design using a multi-objective genetic algorithm for GNSS reflectometry missions

Spaceborne global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an innovative bistatic radar remote sensing technique utilizing low Earth orbit (LEO) based GNSS-R instruments to acquire GNSS L-band opportunistic signals for measuring geophysical parameters. A GNSS-R LEO constellation with an optimization design for its specialized missions is very significant and necessary. However, the constellation design involves multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization, and the classical analytic solution is not capable of such a complicated issue. This study proposes a multi-objective LEO constellation design method with a genetic algorithm (GA) and presents a framework for designing two GNSS-R LEO constellations, termed “lower-latitude constellation” for typhoons and hurricanes observation in the tropics and “global constellation” for global geophysical parameter measurements. Then, the observation capability of both designed constellations is evaluated in terms of the number of reflection points, spatial coverage density, and revisit time to verify the GA efficiency in LEO constellation design. Results show that the two designed LEO constellations with high fitness function values possess optimal orbit parameter set configuration and outperform the existing CyGNSS constellations in observation performance. Compared with CyGNSS, the number of reflection points observed by the lower-latitude constellation and the global constellation increases by 38% and 45%, as well as the spatial coverage density increases by 28% and 36%. The revisit time for the lower-latitude constellation is reduced by 0.29 h, whereas the revisit time for the global constellation increases by one hour.     

卫星拒止情况下低精度惯导系统航姿算法研究

在卫星拒止情况下,低精度MEMS惯导系统由于惯性器件性能较差,无法长时间保持姿态精度。从重力矢量及飞行器的动力学特性出发,提出了一种基于动态检测和Kalman数据融合的航姿算法。该算法从导航与飞控一体化的理念出发,实时判断飞行器机动和飞控状态,在低动态时利用Kalman滤波器对水平加速度和惯性解算的姿态角进行数据融合,估计和修正水平姿态误差,从而提高水平姿态精度。经过飞行仿真验证,该算法可有效完成飞行器的动态检测,并保证在系统机动情况下水平姿态误差在2°以内。     

Tight integration of BDS-3/BDS-2/GPS/Galileo observations considering the new overlapping DISBs and its application in obstructed environments

Tight integration can enhance the model strength and positioning performance by considering the characteristic of differential inter-system bias (DISB), especially in obstructed environments. However, limited work emphasizes the comprehensive analysis of five-frequency DISBs between BDS-3 and other systems considering the receiver type, receiver configuration, and antenna type. In addition, the overlapping DISBs between BDS-3 and BDS-2 are also in great demand for further investigation since they are often regarded as one system. In this study, one DISB-float model is introduced to estimate the DISBs, and one DISB-fixed model and one DISB-free model are formulated to enhance the model strength of tight integration. Four dedicated datasets were collected to estimate the DISBs, which are also comprehensively analyzed considering the receiver type, receiver configuration, and antenna type. The results show that the DISBs between BDS-3 and other systems are rather stable over a certain period and are related to the receiver type and receiver configuration, whereas are not related to the antenna type. More interestingly, the B1I code DISB between BDS-3 and BDS-2 exhibits significant magnitude with a mean value of ?1.44 m for the baseline composed of two different receivers. In this case, the B1I code DISB must be considered and the tight integration between BDS-3 and BDS-2 considering its calibration can improve the positioning performance. Besides, the tight integration of the DISB-fixed model can significantly improve the positioning accuracy between multiple GNSS. Compared to the loose integration, the improvement of 60.6 %, 56.6 %, and 61.2 % can be obtained in the E, N, and U directions, when only two satellites are available for each system. In real obstructed environments, the tight integration of the DISB-free model can also improve the positioning performance in terms of positioning availability and accuracy, as well as the ambiguity resolution performance.     

CSK调制信号的跟踪方法

CSK调制信号能够满足GNSS厘米级高精度服务的高信息速率播发需求，正受到广泛关注。针对CSK调制信号只能用于播发数据，而不能用于提供测量观测量的问题，对CSK调制信号的跟踪方法进行了研究。通过权衡性能和实现复杂度，提出了两种跟踪方法，方法一跟踪精度高但实现复杂度高，方法二以损失跟踪精度为代价降低了实现复杂度。理论和仿真分析结果表明，所提方法一在CSK调制信号载噪比高于40dB-Hz时，可提供与BPSK信号相当的跟踪性能。方法二相比方法一所需相关器资源降低一半，性能损失约4dB。论文的研究成果可为CSK调制信号在GNSS高精度信号体制中的应用提供支持。     

SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system based on maximum versoria filter

In the missile-borne Strapdown Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) integrated navigation system, due to the factors such as the high dynamics, the signal blocking by obstacles, the signal intefereces, etc., there always exist pulse interferences or measurement information interruptions in the satellite receiver, which make nonstationary measurement process. The traditional Kalman Filter (KF) can tackle the state estimation problem under Gaussian white noise, but its performance will be significantly reduced under non-Gaussian noises. In order to deal with the non-Gaussian conditions in the actual missile-borne SINS/GNSS integrated navigation systems, a Maximum Versoria Criterion Extended Kalman Filter (MVC-EKF) algorithm is proposed based on the MVC and the idea of M-estimation, which assigns a smaller weight to the anomalous measurements so as to suppress the influence of anomalous measurements on the state estimation while maintaining a relatively low calculation cost. Finally, the integrated navigation simulation experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.     

GGTm-Ts: A global grid model of weighted mean temperature (Tm) based on surface temperature (Ts) with two modes

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the detection of precipitable water vapor (PWV) using the GNSS atmospheric sounding technique becomes a research interest in GNSS meteorology. In the conversion of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) to PWV, the weighted mean temperature (Tm) plays a crucial role. Generally, the Tm estimated by the linear regression models based on surface temperature (Ts) cannot meet the requirement for global use, and the accuracy of Tm derived from the empirical models is limited. In this study, a new Tm model, named GGTm-Ts model, was developed using the global geodetic observing system (GGOS) atmosphere Tm data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data from 2011 to 2015. Resting upon a global 2.5°*2° grid of coefficients of Tm-Ts linear function, the new model can provide Tm at any site in two modes, one for the case with measured Ts provided, i.e., the accurate mode, the other for the case that Ts provided by a subroutine, i.e., the normal mode. The performance of GGTm-Ts model was assessed against the Bevis formula, GPT2w and GPT2wh model using different data sources in 2016-the GGOS atmosphere and radiosonde data. The results show that the GGTm-Ts model in accurate mode achieves best performance with an improvement of 46.9 %/15.3 %, 37.8 %/19.5 % and 34.4 %/14.2 % over other three models in the GGOS atmosphere/radiosonde comparison. For the normal mode, the GGTm-Ts model outperforms the GPT2w model and achieves equivalence results with the GPT2wh model. Moreover, the impact of Tm on GNSS-PWV was analyzed to validate the performance of the GGTm-Ts model.     

基于码片幅度调制的导航信号扩频码认证方法

信号认证是满足全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)民用信号安全性需求的关键，相比于导航电文认证(NMA),扩频码认证(SCA)具有更强的安全性。为了在实现SCA的同时不对非认证用户造成影响，提出了一种基于码片幅度调制(CAM)的导航信号SCA方法，对民用信号的扩频码的码片幅度进行了调制，实现了在扩频码层面的认证特征的引入。为了验证所提方法的有效性，采用理论和仿真分析，与GPS L1C采用的Chimera SCA方法进行了比较。结果表明，所提方法在检测性能方面提升了2.55～2.78 dB。研究成果可为下一代高安全卫星导航信号的设计提供支持。