飞行器测控通信技术发展趋势与建议

在研究国内外测控通信技术现状与发展动态的基础上,梳理出未来测控通信发展趋势：将走向综合化网络、高精度和航天器自主导航,发展光学测控通信技术,提升跟踪与数据中继能力,建设天基靶场,加强安全防护,以及设备高度综合化、数字化、软件化和低成本等;结合我国测控通信技术发展遇到的技术“瓶颈”与挑战,探讨了当前我国测控通信发展面临的主要任务：制定顶层规划,继续提升技术水平,满足新平台新任务测控需求,探索新概念与前沿技术等;最后,提出了我国测控通信重点发展方向及其关键技术的建议.     

An IPC-based Prolog design pattern for integrating backward chaining inference into applications or embedded systems

Prolog is one of the most important candidates to build expert systems and AI-related programs and has potential applications in embedded systems. However, Prolog is not suitable to develop many kinds of components, such as data acquisition and task scheduling, which are also crucial. To make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, it is attractive to integrate Prolog with programs developed by other languages. In this paper, an IPC-based method is used to integrate backward chaining inference implemented by Prolog into applications or embedded systems. A Prolog design pattern is derived from the method for reuse, whose principle and definition are provided in detail. Additionally, the design pattern is applied to a target system, which is free software, to verify its feasibility. The detailed implementation of the application is given to clarify the design pattern. The design pattern can be further applied to wide range applications and embedded systems and the method described in this paper can also be adopted for other logic programming languages.     

LEO移动通信星座的网络综合连通度研究

 为了研究通信星座服务区域内不同地面用户之间的通信连通情况,提出了网络综合连通度(DCNC)的概念.作为服务可用性(AoS)的重要内容,网络综合连通度应该成为通信系统的一项重要性能评价指标,对系统的顶层设计起到主导作用.首先给出了星座网络综合连通度的相关定义,在此基础上基于星间链路约束和星座覆盖约束建立了LEO移动通信星座的网络综合连通度的评价模型.然后基于该模型,分别改变轨道高度和轨道倾角,就不同星座的网络综合连通度如何变化进行了仿真计算和分析.结果表明,二者都对星座的网络综合连通度有显著影响,适当减少轨道面数有利于改善网络综合连通度.最后研究了星座缺失卫星时不连通地面点的纬度分布情况,研究结论有助于在概念设计阶段对星座构型优化后的参数进行优选.     

绳系网捕系统的定位与测姿方法研究

基于双目视觉原理,建立了空间目标的三维坐标计算模型,利用安装在捕获端的摄像头对主星进行观测,建立了捕获端定姿方法.仿真算例验证了所提方法能够以较高的测量精度实现定位和测姿,可以满足绳系卫星捕获端的姿态确定精度需求.     

涡轮增压器监控系统与PIC单片机的串行通讯

依托Borland C 5.0集成开发环境和MPLAB IDE（PIC集成开发环境），使用Windows应用程序接口（API）函数和PIC单片机14位的精简指令（RISC）系统，开发了涡轮增压器监控系统和PIC单片机民控单元。监控系统采用C语言模块化程度设计；电控单元采用PIC精简指令系统汇编语言编程。简要介绍了涡轮增压器控制系统的组成，并给出了监控系统同PIC电控单元的双机通讯软件设计实例。     

甚高频全向信标改造成数字通信测向综合化系统的几种新方案

受卫星导航的冲击，甚高频全向信标（VOR）在未来航行系统中将失去它的重要地位，最终可能关闭。为充分利用VOR的频段和设备资源，本文提出了四种VOR发射机改造方案：第一是间断发射的慢速时空调制系统；第二是连续发射的二进制四相时空调制系统；第三是码分有参考信号时空调制系统；第四是时分有参考信号时空调制系统。给出了四种系统信号调制、编码、接收机设计等解决方案。改造系统的主要优点是将数字通信和无线定向综合为一体。     

RS-232、RS-485/USB转换器的最简设计

由于USB总线的诸多优点,以传统的RS-232接口为数据通信通道的外部设备正越来越多地朝着采用USB总线的方向发展,设计一种内置式或外挂式的双向RS-232/USB转换器很有必要。本文重点介绍一种以专用芯片FT8U232AM为转换控制器的最为简洁的RS-232/USB转换器设计方案。     

An object-level strategy for pan-sharpening quality assessment of high-resolution satellite imagery

Current satellite imaging systems offer a trade-off between high spatial and high spectral resolution providing panchromatic images at a higher spatial resolution and multispectral images at a lower spatial resolution but rich in spectral information while a wide range of applications need the highest level of this information, simultaneously. Image fusion techniques as means of enhancing the information content of initial panchromatic and multispectral images produce new images, titled pan-sharpened, which inherent the advantages of the initial images. Considering the impact of fusion accuracy on the quality of corresponding applications, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of these processed images. During the last decade, a lot of quality evaluation metrics have been proposed which are mostly inspired by traditional image quality metrics. These methods are mostly based on applying quality metrics at the pixel level and evaluating final quality value based on averaging of obtained metric values through the whole image. However, obtained results clearly show that the behaviour of image fusion quality is inconsistent amongst different image objects. In this article, by applying image fusion quality metrics (IFQMs) to image objects, an object-level strategy for quality assessment of the image fusion process is proposed. The proposed strategy is applied to different satellite imagery covering residential and agricultural areas. Experimental results show higher capabilities of object-level quality assessment strategy in the quality assessment of the fusion process. Evaluating fusion quality at the object level provides the potential of fusion quality assessment for each individual image object in compliance with different parameters such as the type of objects and the effective size of objects in data set.     

脉冲星导航在高精度卫星轨道修正中的应用

X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV,X-ray Pulsar Based Navigation)能够为航天器提供自主的定位服务,但是XNAV存在精度较差,且受航天器钟差和脉冲星时间模型误差的影响而产生近似常值偏差的缺点.分析与仿真指出,在采用XNAV单独导航时需要2颗脉冲星可达到完全观测,而采用XNAV和星间观测的组合导航时仅需要1颗脉冲星即可达到完全观测,同时组合导航能够将轨道修正的精度提高10倍以上,并将由于常值偏差造成的估计误差抑制在0.2 m以内.在现实的噪声设定下,采用标准XNAV单独进行轨道修正,仅需要两颗脉冲星即可取得50 m以内的估计精度;而采用组合导航时,在单脉冲星的导航方案下,系统的估计精度为5 m以内.分析结果表明:基于单脉冲星导航的组合导航,是一种高精度、低需求,容易实现的卫星轨道估计方案.      

构建中国海洋卫星体系提升海洋环境与灾害监测能力

海洋卫星是海洋环境与灾害监测数据的重要获取手段,在海洋防灾减灾和科学研究中发挥着巨大作用.分析了海洋环境观测要素和海洋卫星在海洋环境与灾害监测中的应用状况;结合国外海洋卫星发展趋势和中国实际发展需求,提出了构建中国海洋卫星体系的发展建议,为提升海洋环境与灾害监测能力,推动中国海洋事业发展,促进国民经济和海防安全建设服务.