通信卫星技术及其应用和发展

通信卫星是空间技术和通信技术相结合,并在应用中效益最显著的成果之一。本文就通信卫星的历史、现状作了一些回顾和阐述;对我国通信卫星发展方向提出了一些看法和建议。     

返回技术和返回式航天器的发展

按现已发射的航天器统计,返回式航天器占1/3强。它们在开发利用空间资源方面起着先锋和带头的作用,为促进载人航天和促进人类的进步作出重大贡献。文章分析了返回技术和返回式航天器发展的三个阶段:初期发展阶段、深入应用阶段、无损和定点返回阶段。并指出,今后相当的一段时期内无损定点着陆返回将会成为主要的发展途径。     

Online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system under rigid communication constraints

This paper focused on online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system in a dynamic environment. The objective was to maximize the total profit of the overall system by efficiently coordinating the different satellites with stochastic arrival of urgent tasks, subject to rigid communication and observation time window constraints. We formulated this problem as a single-task, single-robot, time-extended assignment problem with intra-schedule dependency using the multi-robot task assignment taxonomy and formulated the sub-problem after releasing urgent tasks in a mixed-integer linear programming model. We first described the online scheduling algorithm for a single satellite, then we proposed the modified consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-CBBA) and modified asynchronous consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-ACBBA) with synchronous and asynchronous communication, respectively. Compared with initial versions of CBBA and ACBBA, the modified versions added the communication loop prediction phases to efficiently utilize scarce communication opportunities and reduce the communication requirements. Additionally, we introduce two contract net protocol (CNP)-based algorithms for comparison, respectively SingleItem-CNP-based (SI-CNP) algorithm and Batch-CNP-based (BA-CNP) algorithm. Computational experiments indicated that both the total profit and percentage of scheduled urgent tasks achieved by the m-ACBBA and m-CBBA algorithms were much higher than those achieved by both SI-CNP and BA-CNP. Additionally, the number of communications needed by either m-ACBBA or m-CBBA algorithm was lower than that by SI-CNP. When the communication cost in the system is high, the m-CBBA algorithm is preferred because it balances the profit and the required number of communications. When the communication cost is low, the m-ACBBA algorithm is preferred because it achieves high total profit and high percentage of scheduled urgent tasks.     

Ionospheric TEC disturbances over China during the strong geomagnetic storm in September 2017

From September 7 to 8, 2017, a G4-level strong geomagnetic storm occurred, which seriously impacted on the Earth’s ionosphere. In this work, the global ionospheric maps released by Chinese Academy of Sciences are used to investigate the ionospheric responses over China and its adjacent regions during the strong storm. The prominent TEC enhancements, which mainly associated with the neutral wind and eastward prompt penetration electric field, are observed at equatorial ionization anomaly crests during the main phase of the storm on 8 September 2017. Compared with those on 8 September, the TEC enhancements move to lower-latitude regions during the recovery phase on 9 September. A moderate storm occurred well before the start of the strong storm causes similar middle-latitude TEC enhancements on 7 September. However, the weak TEC depletion is observed at middle and low latitude on 9–10 September, which could be associated with the prevailing westward disturbance electric field or storm-time neural composition changes. In addition, the storm-time RMS and STD values of the ionospheric TEC grids over China increase significantly due to the major geomagnetic storm. The maximum of the RMS reaches 12.0 TECU, while the maximum of the STD reaches 8.3 TECU at ~04UT on 8 September.     

精密GPS卫星钟差的改正和应用

分析了 GPS卫星钟差的变化特性,探讨了利用 GPS地面跟踪站的观测数据估算GPS卫星钟差的可行性.建立了相应的算法和软件系统,并把由地面跟踪站的实测数据估算的卫星钟差用于星载 GPS定轨计算,得到优于1m的定轨精度.     

含无质量系绳的卫星系统平面运动和常规动力学

研究绳系卫星系统在同一轨道平面内运动,由于星-母星之间相对位置向量描述,亦即由该向量的长度变化和方位角的变化而决定.在引入距离速率控制算法之后,系统的动力学主要由方位角运动而定.当母星轨道为圆形时,系统运动状态具有极限点,而在椭圆轨道下则有极限环.采用了非线性动态系统的方法和技术来计算极限状态和分析它们的稳定特性.用本文中方法对TSS-1以及其他绳系卫星系统方案作了数值模拟.     

多变量全局寻优与智能优化在星座组网中的应用

顶层任务规划通常与星座组网紧密结合,小卫星分散灵活的特性尤其适用于星群规模化在轨运行。针对热点区域覆盖和全球覆盖的不同任务需求,提出了对构型多变量进行全局寻优和利用智能优化技术进行星座构型优化的方法,两种优化方法可分别获得小规模星群最优效能与超大型星群的较优效能。优化方法不受轨道类型和任务目标分布的约束,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Progress of the Quantum Experiment Science Satellite (QUESS) Micius Project

The Micius satellite was successfully launched on 16 August 2016, from Jiuquan, China, orbiting at an altitude of about 500 km. The main scientific goals, including satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution, satellite-based quantum entanglement distribution, ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation, and satellite relayed intercontinental quantum network, were achieved in 2017. As a starting point, the Micius satellite has become a platform for quantum science experiments at the space scale. Here, we introduce the latest experimental achievements (in 2018-2020) based on the Micius satellite.     

位移序列多进制扩频通信方式

提出用 m序列的位移序列做扩频序列的多进制扩频通信方式 ,并给出了它的系统模型 ,分析了它的通信性能。理论分析证明 ,用 m序列的位移序列构成的多进制扩频通信方式具有很高的通信有效性和通信可靠性     

“高分一号”卫星遥感成像特性

“高分一号”（GF-1）卫星是中国高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项的首发星。为保证广大用户更好地应用该卫星数据,文章从卫星轨道特性、观测与接收、成像几何特性、时间特性等方面,论述了该卫星的区域连片覆盖、谱段时相对齐和辅助数据应用的结果。给出了 GF-1卫星构像方程所需要成像时刻、GPS 定位、星敏定姿数据的插值实例,基于卫星设计角度阐述了面向应用的 GF-1卫星遥感成像及处理特性。