有限长Ramanujan-Fourier快速变换及频率估计

近来出现的Ramnujan-Fourier变换(RFT,Ramanujan Fourier Transformation)是以"Ramanujan和"为基向量的算术变换,该变换可提供分数频率分辨力.首先分析了有限长Ramanujan频谱特点,给出了基向量分布情况,推导了该变换的快速算法,比较了有限长RFT与快速傅里叶变换的乘法计算量;其次,给出了利用RFT的递归峰值检测频率估计算法,并分析了RFT的频率分辨率和适用特点,在非高斯噪声条件下,仿真比较了RFT与傅里叶变换对信号进行频率估计的性能,得到在信噪比为-20 dB的非高斯噪声情况下,频率估计的归一化均方误差可以达到 10-3.      

基于非线性预测的发动机转速限控方法

研究对发动机最大转速进行非线性预测限制的方法。将发动机动态过程描述为二阶的V olterra级数模型,并由此建立它的非线性闭环预测模型。根据输入约束和控制目标,提出转速预测限制的滚动控制算法。对此进行了仿真,在超量的加速供油下,得到了预测限制的供油变化线和转速变化线。与比例反馈限制方法比较表明,预测控制方法能够解决燃烧延迟和发动机转子惯性的影响,准确实现转速限制,且其控制算法的计算量小,能符合实时性要求。      

Present-day crustal movement of the Chinese mainland based on Global Navigation Satellite System data from 1998 to 2018

A total of more than 260 continuous stations and 2000 campaign stations from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) project, covering the Chinese mainland and its surrounding areas during the period of 1998–2018, are processed using the Bernese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software via a state-of-the-art method. We obtain the coordinate time series of all the stations given in the reference frame ITRF2014, estimate the coseismic deformation, and remove outliers. Lastly, we present the latest, most complete, and most accurate contemporary horizontal velocity field with respect to the stable Eurasian plate, irrespective of the postseismic deformations. This study shows that the signal of tectonic movement in Western China is stronger than that in Eastern China particularly in the Tibetan Plateau, with a rate of 18–32?mm/a. Moreover, the signal decays sharply from south to north. However, North China and South China move coherently to the ESE direction mostly at a rate of 4–10?mm/a and have not experienced any abrupt velocity gradients in their interiors. Meanwhile, Northeast China has the lowest velocity of only 2–4?mm/a in addition to the coastal areas that have slightly larger velocities. The densified and continuous observation of GNSS stations are of great significance to the study of the present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation characteristics of the Chinese mainland. This would help to provide better constraints on the kinematics and dynamics of the region.     

Analysis of precipitable water vapor from GPS measurements in Chengdu region: Distribution and evolution characteristics in autumn

The rainfall process of Chengdu region in autumn has obvious regional features. Especially, the night-time rain rate of this region in this season is very high in China. Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation of regional atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is important for our understanding of water vapor related processes, such as rainfall, evaporation, convective activity, among others in this area. Since GPS detection technology has the unique characteristics, such as all-weather, high accuracy, high spatial and temporal resolution as well as low cost, tracking and monitoring techniques on water vapor has achieved rapid developments in recent years. With GPS–PWV data at 30-min interval gathered from six GPS observational stations in Chengdu region in two autumns (September 2007–December 2007 and September 2008–December 2008), it is revealed that negative correlations exist between seasonally averaged value of GPS–PWV as well as its variation amplitude and local terrain altitude. The variation of PWV in the upper atmosphere of this region results from the water vapor variation from surface to 850 hPa. With the help of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it is found that the autumn PWV in Chengdu region has a multi-scale feature, which includes a seasonal cycle, 22.5 days period (quasi-tri-weekly oscillation). The variation of the GPS–PWV is related to periodical change in the transmitting of the water vapor caused by zonal and meridional wind strengths’ change and to the East Asian monsoon system. According to seasonal variation characteristics, we concluded that the middle October is the critical turning point in PWV content. On a shorter time scale, the relationship between autumn PWV and ground meteorological elements was obtained using the composite analysis approach.     

主带彗星探测的科学目的及光谱仪设计构想

由于主带彗星富含水冰等挥发分并且位于火星与木星之间的小行星带区域,因此很可能是给早期地球带来水资源的天体,自从20世纪初期被发现以来引起了行星科学界的极大兴趣,是未来绕飞探测的重要候选目标。总结了主带彗星133P光谱探测的科学目标,并根据不同成分光谱特征分析和热特性研究需求,提出光谱仪的主要指标构想。谱段需覆盖可见至甚长波红外(0.4～50μm),通过可见红外成像光谱仪和热辐射光谱仪两台载荷分别覆盖0.4～5μm和5～50μm的波段范围。可见红外成像光谱仪采用紧凑型光栅分光系统设计,光谱分辨率在可见光谱段优于5 nm,红外谱段优于10 nm,5 km探测距离下空间分辨优于0.5 m,通过低温制冷抑制背景辐射噪声,保证信噪比优于100。热辐射光谱仪采用时间调制型干涉分光方案,由一台双角镜摆臂式干涉仪实现5～50μm的分光,光谱分辨率8 cm~(-1),5 km探测距离下空间分辨率优于10 m,采用非制冷热释电探测器。通过对两台光谱仪研制过程中涉及的关键技术进行分析,为后续开展工程研制奠定基础。     

开放式微波结构中的时域模函数初探

为了探讨将Diakoptics算法应用到开放式微波结构时适宜的时域模函数形式,在对槽线、共面波导、微带线及耦合微带线的空间电磁场分布特性分析的基础上,提出零阶、一阶第一类贝塞尔函数是较适宜的时域模函数,并总结了选取规律.      

公路路面不平度的数值模拟方法研究

研究了一种公路路面不平度的数值模拟新方法,该方法直接对给定的公路路面不平度功率谱密度进行研究,经过一系列处理获得路面的不平度值.充分考虑了所关心的汽车固有振动频率和行驶速度影响后,利用该方法对C级公路路面进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明:利用该方法所得路面不平度的功率谱密度与给定的功率谱密度是准确一致的.      

GNSS弱信号两级快速傅里叶变换捕获方法

高动态弱信号条件下,为了提高捕获过程实现的灵活性,提出了两级快速傅里叶变换(FFT)多普勒频率捕获方法,第一级FFT使用较短的相干积分时间将多普勒频率搜索范围划分为多个粗分格,第二级FFT在每一个分格内对多普勒频率进行更精细的搜索.采用文章提出的捕获方法,可以降低FFT点数,简化实现复杂度;另一方面,计算第一级FFT时可通过流水线操作提高资源利用率.为了验证所提方法的正确性,仿真实现了两级FFT捕获方法.结果表明,两级FFT方法能在高动态弱信号条件下正确捕获多普勒频率.     

桥函数及广义桥函数的研究进展

桥函数和广义桥函数均为三值函数系,都是将初始序列经复制方式和移位方式变换后而形成的.它们包括了一些常见的非正弦正交函数,如沃尔什函数和方波函数等.简要介绍了近10年来北京航空航天大学通信与电子系统博士点在非正弦正交函数方面研究的一些新进展,重点介绍了复制理论和广义复制方法,桥函数、广义桥函数的复制生成方法、性质及其应用等专题.      

重点区域入侵安防设备系统可靠性建模方法

为了评估重点区域入侵安防系统设备可靠度,首先给出了重点区域安防系统可靠度的定义,以收集到的安防设备故障信息为基础,对这些数据进行指数分布检验与估计,得出安防设备的故障分布。然后对重点区域中各子区域以及安防系统中各类设备的具体功能进行分析,描述了区域及设备功能间的备份关系以及区域间、区域与设备间的可靠性关系,建立重点区域安防系统、子区域与设备的可靠性框图模型,运用混联可靠性框图计算方法得出重点区域安防系统可靠度。最后进行了实例验证,表明该模型可方便计算重点区域入侵安防系统的可靠度,验证了模型的有效性。