用CT值推导人体组织属性参数的方法及改进

蒙特卡罗方法是计算精度最高的人体组织剂量计算方法。常见的蒙特卡罗模拟程序,如M CNP,EG S4等都自带了各种介质的截面数据,而剂量计算的一个重要步骤就是得到人体组织的属性参数——质量密度和化学组成。本文主要介绍了两种根据医学影像CT值推导人体组织属性参数的方法——区间法和两分法,并经过分析比较认为两分法比区间法具有更高的精确度和可行性。同时,针对两分法存在的不足和缺陷,本文将CT值全范围划分为七段,根据两分法的假设条件假设每一段均由两种不同的人体组织混合而成。在每一段CT值范围内,人体组织的质量密度和化学组成通过对两种假定物质参数的拟合得到。结果说明该方法所得到的人体组织属性参数完全可以满足蒙特卡罗人体组织剂量计算的要求。     

航空发动机整机准三维流场仿真

分析了航空发动机各部件内部流动的S₂流面数学模型,进行了整机流场仿真计算.求解过程采用具有TVD性质的高阶Godunov格式,具有良好的数值稳定性和激波捕获能力.考虑了粘性效应以及二次流损失对于部件及整机性能的影响.对于部件间及叶排间的参数传递,采用了一种完全守恒的处理方法,保证了数值通量的连续性.仿真结果与试验数据的对比证明该方法具有较高的精度.      

某型间冷燃气轮机热力计算方法研究

为提高航改燃气轮机的性能,以现有的简单循环的某型燃气轮机为基础开展了间冷循环研究:采用牛顿迭代法和循环迭代算法,分别对以该燃气轮机核心机为基础发展的间冷循环燃气轮机进行了热力计算和比较,并进行了该间冷循环燃气轮机的设计点方案论证。     

三元乙丙橡胶防热材料传热试验方法与温度数值计算

三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)由于具有导热系数低的特点,在测量其背面温度时会产生比较大的测量误差.为减少测量误差,在热电偶测温端与被测表面之间增加具有高热导率的金属片作为集热片,对加与不加集热片、集热片选取不同材料(铜片和铝片),以及同厚度不同直径与同直径不同厚度分别进行了试验研究和瞬态传热数值计算,分析了集热片材料与尺寸对温度测量准确性及动态响应的影响.计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明铝片比铜片响应稍快,但强度没有铜片高,从而选用铜片;直径大与厚度小的铜片比直径小与厚度大的铜片响应快.     

Force measurement using strain-gauge balance in shock tunnel based on deep learning

When a force test is conducted in a shock tunnel, vibration of the Force Measurement System (FMS) is excited under the strong flow impact, and it cannot be attenuated rapidly within the extremely short test duration of milliseconds order. The output signal of the force balance is coupled with the aerodynamic force and the inertial vibration. This interference can result in inaccurate force measurements, which can negatively impact the accuracy of the test results. To eliminate inertial vibration interference from the output signal, proposed here is a dynamic calibration modeling method for an FMS based on deep learning. The signal is processed using an intelligent Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model in the time domain and an intelligent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in the frequency domain. Results processed with the intelligent models show that the inertial vibration characteristics of the FMS can be identified efficiently and its main frequency is about 380 Hz. After processed by the intelligent models, the inertial vibration is mostly eliminated from the output signal. Also, the data processing results are subjected to error analysis. The relative error of each component is about 1%, which verifies that the modeling method based on deep learning has considerable engineering application value in data processing for pulse-type strain-gauge balances. Overall, the proposed dynamic calibration modeling method has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of force measurements in shock tunnel tests, which could have significant implications for the field of aerospace engineering.     

Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.     

液体火箭发动机推力自动校准系统仿真

针对液体火箭发动机原位校准高准确度的要求,介绍了一种以伺服电机为执行部件,基于液压传动力值自动加载装置,阐述了该系统的结构和工作原理。建立系统数学模型,通过Matlab和AMEsim搭建了系统的仿真模型,在分析影响模拟推力加载准确度和稳定性的基础上,设计了模糊PID控制器。仿真结果表明:所设计的力值加载系统能够完成力值精确加载,(0~6)kN力值加载时间小于30 s,加载力的示值最大误差为±0.05%,满足校准力值加载需求。证明了在力值加载系统中引入模糊PID控制算法,可以有效补偿系统中的不确定性扰动,增强系统的鲁棒性。     

Active and passive compliant force control of ultrasonic surface rolling process on a curved surface

Ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP) is one of the effective mechanical surface enhancement techniques. During the USRP, unstable static force will easily do harm to the surface quality. In order to achieve a higher surface quality on the part with a curved surface, an active and passive compliant USRP system has been developed. The compliant USRP tool can produce the natural obedience deformation along the part surface. Force control based on the fuzzy Proportional-integral-derivative(PID) ...     

PGE/ Phenolic 的动态热解对温度场计算的影响

通过建立材料动态热解情况下的非稳态导热微分方程,研究了PGE/ Phenolic 的动态热解对温度 场计算的影响,并将理论计算值与地面试验的实测值进行了对比分析。结果表明,对PGE/ Phenolic 考虑动态 热解能有效修正温度场计算的精度,使理论计算值与实测值更为接近。     

固体火箭飞行静载荷计算的偏差使用方法优化

新型固体火箭对提升运载效率的需求日益强烈,由此发展出一些以提升载荷设计精度为目标的载荷优化方法,可有效实现结构的减载减质。现有优化方法仅考虑单项偏差,未考虑各项偏差间的匹配性和传递过程的合理性,很大程度上限制了载荷设计精度的进一步提升。梳理和分析了载荷计算过程涉及的多项参数偏差,提炼出原始偏差和过程偏差的概念,指出了传统方法在偏差使用及传递过程中的不合理。在此基础上,充分结合新型固体火箭的研制特点,改进了偏差的使用方法,降低了过程偏差对载荷计算精度的影响。结果表明该方法可有效提高载荷设计精度、准确性和效率。