LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

复杂积冰翼型气动性能分析

为了克服复杂外形难以划分结构化网格的问题, 采用结构/非结构混合多块网格对复杂积冰翼型的气动性能-进行了分析计算.在靠近积冰边界的内层采用了非结构网格, 在非结构网格外采用结构化网格以节省存储空间和计算时间.不同类型网格之间采用了点点对接的方式以简化通量重构的处理方式.整个流动区域采用SST湍流模型, 求解了雷诺平均N-S方程.数值计算结果表明结构/非结构混合多块网格在复杂积冰翼型气动性能计算上的可行性, 积冰对翼型的气动性能造成了严重的影响.      

轴流压气机过失速的非线性动力学分析

为了解Greitzer的B参数和节流γ参数对轴流压气机过失速行为的影响, 使用分叉分析方法, 研究了压缩系统中过失速所对应的静态分叉行为.由此, 划分了γ-β分叉参数空间中, 轴流压缩系统稳定和不稳定流动的区域分布图.结果表明, 非线性动力学的分叉分析方法, 可以准确的捕捉到轴流压缩系统中典型的过失速流动行为, 同时可以简便的分析分叉参数作用下平衡点稳定性的变化情况.      

Numerical study of a 3.5-stage axial compressor at on-and off-design conditions

Numerical investigation is conducted on a 3.5-stage axial compressor,on which numerous experimental projects were carried out at the Institute during the last years and an experimental database was established.In the current study five on-and off-design operating points are simulated using a RANS solver and the results are compared with the measurement.The result shows that the compressor performance can be qualitatively predicted by the mixing-plane method.Better agreement is obtained for the on-design operating point.However,as the flow unsteadiness is insufficiently considered,the numerical method produces end-wall low-speed flow layers accumulated with the flow passing through the passage,which is in no good agreement with the experimental data.In the numerical simulation the rotor rows receive less work and this difference from the measurement increases with the rotational speed.In contrast,the stator rows increase the pressure more efficiently than the measurement.In the simulation the flow in the last stator row tends more to separate on the pressure side of the blade.For the operating points close to the surge line,the predicted separation is more intense than the experimental observation.But for the operating points close to the choke,the separation is suppressed.      

GA-Based Model Predictive Control of Semi-Active Landing Gear

Semi-active landing gear can provide good performance of both landing impact and taxi situation, and has the ability for adapting to various ground conditions and operational conditions. A kind of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control algorithm （NMPC） for semi-active landing gears is developed in this paper. The NMPC algorithm uses Genetic Algorithm （GA） as the optimization technique and chooses damping performance of landing gear at touch down to be the optimization object. The valve＇s rate and magnitude limitations are also considered in the controller＇s design. A simulation model is built for the semi-active landing gear＇s damping process at touchdown. Drop tests are carried out on an experimental passive landing gear systerm to validate the parameters of the simulation model. The result of numerical simulation shows that the isolation of impact load at touchdown can be significantly improved compared to other control algorithms. The strongly nonlinear dynamics of semi-active landing gear coupled with control valve＇s rate and magnitude limitations are handled well with the proposed controller.     

航天器着陆缓冲机构技术研究进展

航天器着陆缓冲机构是开展地外天体着陆探测的核心装置,其着陆性能直接关系到整个探测任务的成败。本文梳理并总结了现有航天器着陆缓冲机构的相关设计技术,重点介绍了航天器着陆缓冲方法、机构构型和地外小天体着陆/锚定机构,并对其优缺点和适用情况进行了总结分析。其次,针对各类着陆缓冲机构总结了动力学分析技术现状,对比了理论解析模型法、全机刚体仿真分析法、刚柔耦合仿真分析法、全机柔性仿真分析法和半主动控制仿真法等动力学分析方法的优劣。再次,论述了地面等效试验技术的研究进展,阐述了滑轮平衡法、斜坡模拟法和全机1/6尺寸模型法3种地面等效试验方法的主要特点。最后,结合未来深空探测需求,对航天器着陆技术存在的问题、及发展趋势进行了总结与展望。     

用于变体翼梢小翼的伸缩栅格研究

翼梢小翼能抑制翼尖涡流形成、降低机翼的诱导阻力,翼梢小翼的高度是对减阻效果影响较大的参数之一.传统翼梢小翼仅针对巡航状态设计,而在起降、爬升等非设计状态减阻效果不佳.变体翼梢小翼能根据飞行状态主动改变几何外形和尺寸,实时优化减阻效果.为了实现变形,设计了一种用于变体翼梢小翼的伸缩栅格,通过步进电机驱动,可使翼梢小翼的高...     

飞机柔性前起落架摆振仿真分析

前轮摆振是飞机地面动力学中的重点研究课题。基于多体动力学理论,采用有限元方法及点线吻合的方法处理缓冲器的柔性问题,建立了前起落架全柔性体摆振动力学模型,并采用起落架静力试验的结果对模型进行校验;给出了以飞机速度和防摆阻尼系数组成的飞机摆振稳定区域图;研究了轮胎的侧向刚度与转动间隙对临界防摆阻尼的影响。结果表明：采用点线...     

一种多旋翼多功能空中机器人及其腿式壁面行走运动规划

 提出了一种既可实现飞行功能又可实现壁面运动的多旋翼多功能空中机器人。设计了机器人的结构,分析了其工作原理,研究了机器人腿式壁面行走模式下腿/足与壁面接触时的机体动力学。结合多旋翼推进的机理对机器人在壁面运动模式下的步态进行了规划,基于非线性轨迹线性化控制(TLC)法设计了空中机器人在步态过程中的姿态稳定控制器。在MATLAB环境下对机器人的腿式壁面运动进行了仿真分析研究,仿真结果表明了所设计的步态及其稳定控制方法的可行性。     

直升机耦合动力学设计对减摆器性能和布局的要求

从直升机耦合动力学设计的角度,结合型号设计使用情况,讨论分析了如何确定对减摆器性能的设计要求和安装布局,提出了在设计中,应着重考虑和利用减摆器性能的设计点和变化规律。