离散粗糙元诱发边界层转捩的实验研究

针对直升机转子叶片模型表面离散粗糙元诱发边界层转捩问题开展了实验研究,分析不同雷诺数下粗糙元尺寸参数对转捩位置的影响。实验在中航工业气动院直升机转子叶片模拟装置进行,在模型转子叶片表面布置不同尺寸的离散柱状粗糙元,利用红外热像技术探测边界层转捩,并提出一种基于湍流／层流区域面积比的转捩位置判定准则,目的是实现边界层转捩位置自动识别,进而分析粗糙元尺寸参数对转捩位置的影响。实验转速为300至600 r／m,对应叶尖切向速度为25～40 m／s。实现了对旋转叶片边界层转捩位置的定量测量,通过实验验证,转捩位置判定算法正确可靠,初步得到了不同高度 DRE 诱发转捩位置与雷诺数之间的关系,随着粗糙元高度的增加,转捩位置逐渐靠前。     

导风轮叶片偏置对高压比串列离心压气机性能的影响

为提升高压比串列离心压气机的性能,借鉴常规一体化离心叶轮中偏置分流叶片的方法,针对某高压比串列离心压气机,应用数值仿真手段分析了串列叶轮中导风轮叶片周向偏置对压气机流场和性能的影响。通过对不同导风轮叶片偏置方案下压气机流场的分析,建立了压气机流动损失与偏置参数的关联性。研究表明:采用较大的偏置参数γ可降低导风轮叶片1前缘的激波强度,改善激波作用导致的泄漏涡破碎和流动分离,但过大或过小的γ方案中导风轮叶顶会出现二次泄漏致使低能流体的掺混损失增加;γ=65%方案压气机综合性能最佳,其压比和效率较γ=50%分别提高了1.5%和1.4%;对于串列离心压气机导风轮叶片周向位置的优化,在避免导风轮叶顶形成较强二次泄漏的前提下,应考虑采用较大的偏置参数γ,同时应防止诱导轮尾迹流体参与导风轮的叶顶泄漏。     

高超声速钝头体边界层转捩试验

为研究高超声钝头体边界层转捩以及头部钝度对转捩的影响,在FD-14和FD-14A两座激波风洞中开展了热流、压力扰动和高速纹影显示等综合测量。试验结果表明,转捩雷诺数关于钝度雷诺数的变化显示出转捩反转的趋势。压力扰动的功率谱密度（PSD）分析结果以流向离散分布云图形式显示,边界层高速纹影图像显示了第二模态波的发展、湍流的生成和熵层对边界层结构的显著影响。大头部钝度带来的强熵梯度熵层流动对边界层压力扰动频谱特性和流动结构影响显著,在转捩反转机理中起到重要作用。此外,马赫数对转捩的影响不容忽视。     

Sensitivity analysis of flowfield modeling parameters upon the flow structure and aerodynamics of an opposing jet over a hypersonic blunt body

Implementation of an opposing jet in design of a hypersonic blunt body significantly modifies the external flowfield and yields a considerable reduction in the aerodynamic drag. This study aims to investigate the effects of flowfield modeling parameters of injection and freestream on the flow structure and aerodynamics of a blunt body with an opposing jet in hypersonic flow. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model are employed to simulate the intricate jet flow interaction. Through utilizing a Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method to construct surrogates, a functional relation is established between input modeling parameters and output flowfield and aerodynamic quantities in concern. Sobol indices in sensitivity analysis are introduced to represent the relative contribution of each parameter. It is found that variations in modeling parameters produce large variations in the flow structure and aerodynamics. The jet-to-freestream total-pressure ratio, jet Mach number, and freestream Mach number are the major contributors to variation in surface pressure, demonstrating an evident location-dependent behavior. The penetration length of injection, reattachment angle of the shear layer, and aerodynamic drag are also most sensitive to the three crucial parameters above. In comparison, the contributions of freestream temperature, freestream density, and jet total temperature are nearly negligible.     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

有、无障碍物爆震管起爆过程的CE/SE模拟

用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟有无障碍物情况下爆震管二维爆震波的形成和传播过程,分析爆震波的不同机理,研究在较低能量下,点火区温度、爆震管管径以及障碍物对爆燃-爆震转捩过程(DDT)的影响.控制方程采取无量纲形式,用拓展的隐式梯形法实现刚性源项积分.研究表明,点火能量与点火压力相关,在较低的点火能量下,可以通过提高点火温度、减小爆震管径及加入障碍物加强爆震过程,减小爆燃-爆震转捩过程DDT时间和距离.为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.      

轴流压缩系统带支板过渡段的轴对称等效方法

 航空发动机轴流压缩系统过渡段内存在厚支板,该支板造成的堵塞对过渡段的性能产生重要影响,同时也使过渡段内流动成为三维复杂流动,增加了设计难度。建立了一种等效方法,通过构造与带支板过渡段具有相似气动特性的轴对称过渡段,近似地等效原带支板过渡段,从而将复杂的三维问题简化为二维轴对称问题。首先,理论推导了带支板过渡段的轴对称等效方法;随后,通过数值模拟方法,对带支板过渡段和等效过渡段内的流动特性进行对比,结果表明等效过渡段不仅与带支板过渡段的静压分布吻合很好,并且两者具有相似的损失规律,说明等效方法能客观地反映支板对过渡段内流动的影响;最后,将轴对称等效方法应用于带支板过渡段原型的改进设计,改进设计后带支板过渡段支板与轮毂角区的大范围流动分离被消除,损失减小了41.6%。     

自适应流通机匣处理改善压气机性能的机理

为了探索自适应流通机匣处理形式影响跨声压气机性能及流场的流动机理,文中采用非定常数值模拟方法研究了自适应流通机匣处理对NASA轴流Rotor37气动性能的影响。数值计算结果表明:自适应流通机匣处理能有效地延迟失速并在大部分流量范围内略微提高压气机的效率。通过详细的流场分析表明,该机匣处理能有效地增大叶顶区的气流进气角度,抑制了间隙泄漏涡在叶顶通道内的发展,同时阻止泄漏涡涡核在通过激波后破碎,提高了转子顶部通道的流通能力,进而减少叶顶区的流动损失。     

二次流动对气冷涡轮叶栅流场的影响

针对典型跨声速高压涡轮叶型平面叶栅吸力面单排孔气膜冷却,采用数值模拟方法,比较分析了加入气膜冷却前后流场变化。结果表明,由于二次流动的影响,加入气膜冷却以后吸力面后部接近下壁面处没有受到冷气保护而直接暴露于主流高温燃气,在实际高压涡轮中将极大的降低叶片寿命。没有气膜冷却情况下,吸力面接近下壁面处边界层仍有可能因受到二次流动的影响发生转捩;加入气膜冷却情况下,气膜孔中心位置下游边界层由于射流和主流的相互作用将转变为湍流边界层,而由于孔间距的影响,只有射流和主流充分掺混以后才能影响到整个叶片的范围。     

小冲击间距下带倾角冲击凹柱面流场结构实验研究

针对带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板的流动特性和流场结构研究,采用烟线法开展了流场显现实验研究,重点分析了旋流产生和发展的规律。试验中通过改变冲击雷诺数、冲击间距比(冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比)、冲击角度以及凹柱面相对曲率等参数,分析了涡出现的位置、结构等随这些参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于冲击射流同周围静止空气之间的粘性作用、气体在凹柱面上运动、脱离的共同作用下,带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板产生了不同的旋流结构。实验中,随冲击雷诺数的增加,在冲击滞止区域两侧流体冲击靶板分离处的圆心角增大,分离推迟;由于冲击角度的影响,相对冲击角度较小侧射流与壁面分离比在较大侧提前,且在相对冲击角度较小侧更容易产生旋流结构。实验中改变的参数均影响了旋流结构及其发展特性,并且影响规律表现出较强的关联性。