国外燃烧诊断技术的新进展

对近十几年来国外燃烧流场参数的非接触式激光光学诊断技术的进展作了简要回顾和评述。     

Design and examination of a turboprop inlet with scavenge duct

The inlet with scavenge duct is an important part of turboprop aircraft engine. This type of inlet normally has a complex shape, of which the design is challenging and directly affects the flow field quality of the engine entrance and thus the engine performance. In this paper, the parametric design method of a turboprop aircraft inlet with scavenge duct is established by extracting and controlling the transition law of the critical characteristic parameters. The inlet’s performance and internal flow characteristics are examined by wind-tunnel experiment and numerical simulation. The results indicate that a flow tendency of winding up on both sides is formed due to the induction of the inlet profile, as well as a vortex pair on the back side of the power output shaft. The vortex pair dominates the pressure distortion index on the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). In addition, with the increase of freestream angle of attack, the total-pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet increases gradually while the total pressure distortion index decreases slightly. On the basis of the experimental results under different working conditions, the parametric design method proposed in this paper is feasible.     

弯曲壁面流动分离及再附的尺度解析模拟

为准确预测弯曲壁面发生的流动分离及再附现象,基于模拟应力混合思想构建了新的RANS/LES混合框架,涡黏系数和湍动能耗散项中的长度尺度同步切换、涡解析区动态确定亚过滤尺度模型系数、采用混合过滤尺度匹配动态模型,并据此构造了k-ω基动态应力混合模型。首先利用槽道湍流检验了基准的亚过滤尺度模型和近壁RANS模型,前者解析获得了正确的湍流脉动近壁行为和相干结构,后者以很小代价捕捉到了雷诺应力分量的各向异性和松弛效应。随后利用周期性山算例考核了动态应力混合模型对分离再附湍流的预测精度,并与DDES,IDDES及SAS模型进行了对比。结果表明,三项改进使得动态应力混合模型具有近壁模拟能力且不存在对数律不匹配问题,涡解析能力优于DES类隐含的准代数模型,能够更好地捕捉压力梯度诱导的流动分离和再附,获得更为准确的壁面剪切应力、摩擦系数、压力系数、回流区,分离剪切层相干结构的分辨率更高。     

涡轮叶片内部微小V肋-凹陷涡复合冷却流动与传热数值模拟

为强化航空发动机涡轮叶片内冷通道传热性能,针对带有微小V肋-凹陷涡高效复合冷却结构矩形通道,采用Abe Kondoh Nagano （AKN） k-ε湍流模型数值模拟研究了肋高与凹陷深度组合对流动传热特性的影响机理。结果表明,当凹陷深度一定,复合结构的强化换热效果随肋高增加而增加,3mm肋高复合结构的传热相比纯凹陷提高了87.1%;当肋高一定,传热随凹陷深度增加先增强后基本保持不变,6mm深凹陷复合结构相比纯V肋提高了52.8%。通过在凹陷上游布置V肋,增强了越过V肋冲入凹陷内流体的湍动能,从而使凹陷前部回流区减小;同时来自微小V肋的涡流与凹陷内部的涡流相互作用,增强了整个流场的动量和热量输运,使通道换热均匀,并相较纯凹陷或纯V肋结构均有显著提升。     

弹射动力系统燃气发生器流热固耦合数值研究

为了判断弹射动力系统燃气发生器工作的安全性,需要预示工作过程中燃气发生器壳体的力学响应。基于软件CFX和ANSYS,建立了燃气发生器复合结构流热固耦合仿真模型。对燃气发生器内流场和结构温度场进行流热耦合计算,并将壳体温度场计算结果与试验数据进行对比,再将算得的燃气压强分布与结构温度场分布导入ANSYS以计算结构的力学响应。计算结果表明,燃气发生器工作过程中,直筒段最高温度点位于直筒段与后封头连接的绝热层缝隙处,后封头最高温度点位于后封头与喉衬配合部位的上游端。结构最高温度值仅354K,说明热防护良好;直筒段和后封头壳体主体区域应力安全系数>3,满足设计要求,而在法兰附近圆角过渡处外壁存在应力集中,最大应力处安全系数降为1.13,燃气发生器壳体仍处于安全状态,但存在安全裕度显著降低的风险。     

Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

热线风速仪在紊流流场测量中的应用

本文综合分析了目前采用热线风速仪测量紊流流场的各种方法,并着重指出,在高紊流度情况下,还没有比较可靠的方法。在使用目前推荐的各种计算公式时,必须首先验证其公式的可靠性,并注意其限制性条件。     

Simulation and experimental investigation on a dynamic lateral flow mode in trepanning electrochemical machining

An appropriate flow mode of electrolyte has a positive effect on process efficiency, surface roughness, and machining accuracy in the electrochemical machining(ECM) process. In this study, a new dynamic lateral flow mode, in which the electrolyte flows from the leading edge to the trailing edge, was proposed in trepanning ECM of a diffuser. Then a numerical model of the channel was set up and simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software. The result showed that the distribution of the flow field was comparatively uniform in the inter-electrode gap. Furthermore, a fixture was designed to realize this new flow mode and then corresponding experiments were carried out. The experimental results illustrated that the feeding rate of the cathode reached 2 mm/min, the best taper angle was about 0.4°, and the best surface roughness was up to Ra= 0.115 lm. It reflects that this flow mode is suitable and effective, and can also be applied to machining other complex structures in trepanning ECM.     

空中交通管制员不安全行为纠正

为减少因空中交通管制员的不安全行为所导致的不安全事件,依据空中交通管制工作特点,应用不安全行为纠正技术,建立管制员不安全行为纠正实施的规则与实施计划,针对10位管制员进行16周的行为观察与纠正,其整体安全行为指数由65.82%提高到72.79%,取得预期效果。在管理制度和硬件系统不断完善的情况下,该方法可以作为一种提高管制质量的有效途径。