可重复使用热防护系统防热结构及材料的研究现状

在对国外有关各类航天器的防热结构和材料进行广泛调研的基础上，对陶瓷瓦、柔性毡、盖板等防热结构及材料进行了介绍，并总结了防热结构和防热材料的发展现状及趋势。     

劈绕射系数的一种通用表达式及应用

 在讨论矩形波导辐射场、飞行器翼边电磁散射场时,要用到二维金属尖劈的绕射系数表达式。许多学者对尖劈绕射场进行了详细讨论,给出了明确结果,其中级数形式的严格解收敛速度较慢,简化公式是当源置于无限远处取得的,对于尖劈近区场源问题没有触及,文献[2]给出的简化解析式在应用上有一定的困难。因此我们重新进行了推导,获得一种新的表达式,适合于近、远场源问题的数值计算。矩形波导棱边的绕射是普通劈尖的一个特例。     

Solar Irradiance Variability Since 1978

Since November 1978 a set of total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from space is available, yielding a time series of more than 25 years. Presently, there are three TSI composites available, called PMOD, ACRIM and IRMB, which are all constructed from the same original data, but use different procedures to correct for sensitivity changes. The PMOD composite is the only one which also corrects the early HF data for degradation. The results from the detailed analysis of the VIRGO radiometry allow a good understanding of the effects influencing the long-term behaviour of classical radiometers in space. Thus, a re-analysis of the behaviour of HF/NIMBUS-7 and ACRIM-I/SMM was indicated. For the former the situation is complicated by the fact that there are no in-flight means to determine changes due to exposure to solar radiation by comparison with a less exposed radiometer on the same spacecraft. The geometry and optical property of the cavity of HF is, however, very similar to the PMO6-type radiometers, so the behaviour of the PMO6V radiometers on VIRGO can be used as a model. ACRIM-I had to be revised mainly due to a henceforth undetected early increase and a more detailed analysis of its degradation. The results are not only important for solar radiometry from space, but they also provide a more reliable TSI during cycle 21. The differences between the revised PMOD composite and the ACRIM and IRMB are discussed by comparison with a TSI reconstruction from Kitt-Peak magnetograms. As the PMOD composite is the only one which has reliable data for cycle 21, the behaviour of the three solar cycles can now be compared and the similarities and differences discussed.     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

原子氧对Kapton／Al薄膜性能影响研究

模拟空间环境下原子氧辐照条件,通过采用固定的原子氧束流密度进行不同时间辐照试验,研究了温控涂层材料Kapton/Al薄膜的质量损失、光学性能、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的演化规律.试验结果表明,原子氧对材料的剥蚀量与原子氧的作用时间成正比例关系.材料辐照后太阳吸收率发生明显变化,而辐射率几乎不发生变化.辐照后试样表面的粗糙度,是影响太阳吸收率变化主要因素.随着辐照时间的增长,材料表面粗糙度增加,导致太阳吸收率增大.     

Solar and Solar-Wind Composition Results from the Genesis Mission

The Genesis mission returned samples of solar wind to Earth in September 2004 for ground-based analyses of solar-wind composition, particularly for isotope ratios. Substrates, consisting mostly of high-purity semiconductor materials, were exposed to the solar wind at L1 from December 2001 to April 2004. In addition to a bulk sample of the solar wind, separate samples of coronal hole (CH), interstream (IS), and coronal mass ejection material were obtained. Although many substrates were broken upon landing due to the failure to deploy the parachute, a number of results have been obtained, and most of the primary science objectives will likely be met. These objectives include He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope ratios in the bulk solar wind and in different solar-wind regimes, and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N and ¹⁸O/¹⁷O/¹⁶O to high precision. The greatest successes to date have been with the noble gases. Light noble gases from bulk solar wind and separate solar-wind regime samples have now been analyzed. Helium results show clear evidence of isotopic fractionation between CH and IS samples, consistent with simplistic Coulomb drag theory predictions of fractionation between the photosphere and different solar-wind regimes, though fractionation by wave heating is also a possible explanation. Neon results from closed system stepped etching of bulk metallic glass have revealed the nature of isotopic fractionation as a function of depth, which in lunar samples have for years deceptively suggested the presence of an additional, energetic component in solar wind trapped in lunar grains and meteorites. Isotope ratios of the heavy noble gases, nitrogen, and oxygen are in the process of being measured.     

航天器太阳电池阵驱动装置的新进展

通常长寿命三轴稳定卫星都采用帆板式太阳电池阵进行能源供应,并使用太阳电池阵驱动装置使电池阵对日定向。国际上从20世纪60年代开始,不断开发研制太阳电池阵驱动装置,以满足在大功率、小型化、适应恶劣环境等方面的特殊需求,经过几代的发展,取得了长足的进步。根据国内收集的相关信息和资料,通过介绍国际该领域的发展及对应需求的典型产品,尝试分析该领域中相应的应用、研究的重点及发展的方向。     

多品种变批量产品智能制造系统框架

YU Chenglong;HOU Junjie;ZHAO Ying;XU Hao;ZHANG Wei(China Aerospace Academy of Systems Science and Engineering, Beijing 100048, China)     

基于FQFD的太阳能无人机设计指标排序方法

为解决太阳能无人机（UAV）总体设计中任务需求表达模糊、技术指标重要度排序决策困难的问题,提出了基于模糊质量功能展开（FQFD）的太阳能无人机总体设计指标排序方法。该方法在传统质量功能展开（QFD）质量屋的基础上,引入三角模糊数,表征任务需求的不确定性和模糊性;在模糊隶属度函数未知的情况下,采用α加权修正水平截集去模糊化方法计算技术指标重要度,获得技术指标重要度排序,为总体设计优化决策提供依据。最后以长航时太阳能无人机的总体设计为例,对任务需求—工程特性—技术指标的两级质量屋模型进行计算分析,得到续航能力、巡航高度、动力系统效率、巡航速度和气动效率是太阳能无人机最重要的5个技术指标的结果。此方法客观性较强,可处理复杂的系统不确定性,为太阳能无人机总体方案设计及决策应用提供参考依据。