Effects of adverse pressure gradient on Reynolds stresses inturbulent boundary layers

The effects of adverse pressure gradient (APG) on Reynolds stresses in turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) with APG were analyzed. The difficulty of this work was attributable to the Reynolds stresses in TBLs with APG under two combined effects, i.e.: effect of upstream flow and effect of APG. The effect of upstream flow is an inherent effect no matter pressure gradient exists or not. The individual effect was analyzed from absolute developments of Reynolds stresses in TBLs with zero pressure gradient (ZPG) firstly. Effect of APG was then analyzed from absolute developments of Reynolds stresses in TBLs with APG. Result showed that, for absolute development of mean streamwise Reynolds stresses, APG accelerated its development in TBL with ZPG; for absolute development of mean normal or shear Reynolds stresses, APG increased their magnitude in the outer part, and decreased their extent of large value region.      

Review of cylinder block/valve plate interface in axial piston pumps: Theoretical models,experimental investigations,and optimal design

Axial piston pumps have been widely used in aircraft hydraulic systems to supply the system with pressurized fluid. The continuous improvement of the aircraft performance has put forward the demand on aviation piston pumps for high power density, safety, and reliability. The lubricating interfaces in axial piston machines are the key design issue that greatly determines the pump performance and service life. The cylinder block/valve plate interface is one of these critical lubricating interfaces and has received considerable attention from many researchers in the last half century. This study aims to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature on the cylinder block/valve plate interface comprehensively and systematically. First, we introduce various theoretical models developed to investigate the lubrication behaviors of the interface and compare them in terms of their assumptions and limitations. Second, the experimental studies on the cylinder block/valve plate interface are presented comprehensively, where the involved test rigs are divided into three types according to their fidelity levels and measurement functionality. Third, we summarize some typical approaches of structure optimization, surface shaping, and surface strengthening, which help improve the load-carrying and anti-wear capacities of the interface under severe operating conditions. Finally, the challenges and future trends of the cylinder block/valve plate interface research are discussed briefly.     

基于垂直投影和模板匹配的车牌字符分割方法

车牌识别是智能交通中关键技术之一,字符分割是车牌识别的基础。本文利用车牌边框的边缘信息进行车牌倾斜校正,然后基于垂直投影和模板匹配相结合的字符分割算法被提出,提高了字符分割准确率。     

基于先验知识的红外图像汽车牌照定位方法

由于汽车牌照图像背景复杂,存在各种各样的噪音干扰,很难准确定位汽车牌照.因此提出一种快速、自动红外汽车牌照定位方法,利用红外成像特点,解决了高速行驶、无主动照明、在全天候工作情况下的牌照定位问题.根据汽车牌照在全图单位长方形面积的水平灰度梯度最大的特点,成功地从红外汽车图像中检测定位车牌,定位结果的正确率达到了99%以上.      

薄板钢构件火灾下的变形能力和承载能力分析

钢结构塑性设计和抗震设计中都要求组成钢结构的板件有足够的局部变形能力,以防止板件局部的屈曲而降低钢板件的承载能力.结合常温状态下钢板件变形和承载能力分析的基本原理和方法,用非线性有限元法,对钢结构中常用的四边支撑钢板件在高温下的屈曲性能进行分析,着重考虑了板件宽厚比、边界约束和初始缺陷等因素对板件变形能力和承载能力的影响.此外,通过参数的分析,还给出了板件宽厚比与变形能力和承载力的相关关系.      

同轴分区高温升燃烧室点火性能试验研究

为获取关键特征参数及工作条件对燃烧室点火性能的影响规律,对同轴分区高温升燃烧室进行了点火试验研究.在进口压力分别为96,80,60,45kPa,进口温度为288K的条件下,试验研究了不同头部特征结构、不同火焰筒直径共四种研究方案在不同火焰筒压降(1.5％～5.5％)下的贫油点火性能,获得了其点火边界曲线.试验结果表明:...     

夹层板大挠度问题的力学表征与数值模拟

随着材料制备工艺的发展和成型加工技术的日趋完善,夹层板在现代航空领域结构设计中获得了广泛应用,以获得理想的重量及其它功能性指标,工程分析时往往利用薄板理论进行近似分析,这忽略了夹层板的良好的抗弯特性,给分析结果带来较大误差.在薄板大挠度问题及夹层板相关理论的基础上,提出分段叠加法分析大挠度夹层板的变形机理,并利用有限元进行了数值模拟,结合某型飞机蜂窝轮舱壁板静力试验验证了夹层板大挠度变形机理的合理性,证明了叠加法的有效性.     

不同力学边界下梯度功能材料板稳态热应力

用有限元法研究了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的梯度功能材料板的稳态热应力问题，检验了研究方法的正确性，给出了不同力学边界条件下该材料板的稳态热应力场分布。结果表明：无限自由长板内的热应力最小；当无限长板只能伸长、不能弯曲时，板内稳态拉应力最大，比无限自由长板时板内最大拉应力增大6．1倍；当无限长板的伸长、弯曲受限时，板内的压应力最大，比无限自由长板时板内最大压应力增大12．0倍；此外，材料组分形状分布系数M、对流换热系数、环境介质温度和孔隙度的变化对不同力学边界条件下该材料板稳态热应力场的影响显著。此结果为该材料的设计和应用提供了准确的理论计算依据。     

发动机氧泵后流场数值仿真研究

发动机氧泵至燃气发生器段的流场结构直接影响着发动机的工作性能,从理论上分析氧泵后是否需要设置整流栅以调整流场,对发动机总体设计十分必要。针对氧泵后流场的特点,借助CFD计算手段,对该段流场进行有整流栅和无整流栅两种情况的数值模拟,计算得到流阻、发生器入口处的总压均匀度、氧阀流量均匀度以及阀芯受力情况。结果表明:氧阀后设置整流栅是有必要的。     

小型平板回路热管蒸发器内传热与流动的三维数值模拟

针对小型平板回路热管蒸发器内的流动与传热,建立了多区域耦合的数学物理模型,并应用FLUENT软件进行了三维数值模拟。结果表明:蒸发器传热特性在不同热负荷下呈现出较大的差异,其温度分布不仅取决于热负荷,更依赖于毛细芯表面发生的两种传热机制,即毛细蒸发和热传导。相比高热负荷(Q=120W)和低热负荷(Q=40W),中等热负荷(Q=80W)下蒸发器各个部位的温度均较低。三种不同热负荷下,毛细芯反向导热均大于侧壁漏热,补偿腔内与毛细芯相邻处易出现高温区。冷凝回流液在补偿腔内的流动形成两个涡,这种流动特点有利于降低毛细芯的温度。当热负荷与系统冷凝能力匹配时,整个系统流动与传热特性最优。