GH4169合金晶粒尺寸与持久性能的关联性

以GH4169合金大规格棒材为研究对象,结合棒材的加工过程,利用OM、FE-SEM、EBSD和TEM等手段分析了该合金不同晶粒尺寸试样的持久性能。结果表明:在长时高温应力作用下,不同晶粒尺寸试样呈现不同的持久性能和不同的晶粒取向演变规律。发生变形至断裂的位置,晶粒尺寸较小时,部分〈101〉取向明显转向〈001〉或〈111〉取向,加上宏观变形协调性较好,促使应力集中得到有效释放,表现出较好的塑性;但细晶试样中更多晶界带来的扩散蠕变对高温强度不利,裂纹也容易在与〈111〉硬取向晶粒接邻的晶界处形核并扩展,降低持久寿命;此外,细晶试样的变形程度较大,应变主要集中于晶界处,且大角度取向差的含量较多,这些位置容易萌生裂纹而使寿命降低。     

燃烧固体药柱内腔表面的典型裂纹及其力学行为

根据燃烧环境中高装填固体推进剂药柱内应力的分布特征,提出了药柱内腔表面的两种典型裂纹, 即横向表面裂纹和纵向表面裂纹, 并分别采用方坯药柱和圆盘药柱表面预制的裂纹进行了模拟。比较燃气作用下两种药柱的有限元分析结果, 明确了挤裂模式对于燃烧环境中固体药柱表面裂纹问题的适用性。这些结论与实验观测现象非常吻合, 对实际发动机工作环境中固体药柱表面裂纹的力学行为预示和故障分析有着重要的指导意义。     

Preliminary design and optimization of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motor

In this paper,design and optimization technique of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motors has been discussed.In doing so,the design objectives and constraints have been set,geometric parameters identified,performance prediction parameters calculated,thereafter preliminary designs completed and finally optimal design reached.Geometric model for slotted tube grain configuration has been developed.Average thrust has been taken as the objective function with constraints of burning time,mass of propellant,fixed length and diameter of chamber case.Lumped parameter method has been used for calculating the performance prediction parameters.A set of preliminary designs has been completed and an analysis of these results conducted.Although all the preliminary results fulfill the design requirements in terms of objective function and constraints,however in order to attain the optimal design,Sequential quadratic programming optimization technique has been adopted.As the slotted tube grain geometry is totally dependent upon various independent variables and each of these variables has a bearing on explicit characteristic of grain designing,hence affects of the independent variables on performance parameters have been examined,thus variation laws have been developed.Basing on the variation laws and the analysis of preliminary design results,upper and lower limits have been defined for the independent geometric variables and an initial guess provided for conducting optimization.Results attained exhibits that an optimal result has been attained and the value of objective function has been maximized.All the design constraint limits have also been met while ensuring sound values of volumetric loading fraction,web fraction and neutrality.This methodology of design and optimization of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motors can be used by engineers as a reference guide for actual design and engineering purposes.      

Internal ballistic simulation of multi-burning-rate solid rocket motor based on parameterized feature CAD model

Internal ballistic simulation (IBS) method of multi-burning-rate solid rocket motor (SRM) was developed based on 3-D burning regression method by parameterized feature CAD model (PFCADM) and lumped parameter, in consideration of time-dependent, erosive-burning-effect from internal ballistic numerical algorithm. By driving multi-parameter CAD model based on PFCADM, the approach is capable of conducting the geometric regression simulation of various grain combinations of complex configurations with different burning rates. Through suitably simplifying the internal ballistic numerical algorithm, the problems of coupling geometric regression simulation of sub-grains of different burning rates and high computational consumption of internal ballistic calculation were solved. One tri-burning-rate grain motor, which had been firing-tested, was used as the validation case of simulation. The results show that, with the 3-D grain regression model and sufficient accurate internal ballistic algorithm, the method realizes IBS of the case in low computational-consumption prediction of its performance within the accuracy of 2% during 1h clock-time. The application of the method provides a practical approach to aid SRM design of multi-burning-rate grain.      

带簇式推力室的固液火箭发动机装药设计

讨论了带簇式推力室的固液火箭发动机多孔装药的设计方法,并针对某ＨＴＰＢ／ＬＯＸ（或ＧＯＸ）发动机给出了不同推力室数和不同孔数情形下某些参数随时间的变化,以及中一些参数的总体值或平均值,表明簇式推力室方案是可行的,研制适用于固液燃料配方也是必要的。     

Zr含量对Mg-Zr合金组织和性能的影响

研究了镁锆合金的晶粒细化机理,制备了不同锆含量的镁锆合金,在制备过程中采用了含有SF₆的混合气进行气体保护.研究了镁锆合金凝固组织与性能,以及应变、频率、温度和锆含量对合金阻尼性能的影响,利用减振实验验证了合金的阻尼性能.结果表明:随着合金锆含量的增加,晶粒尺寸细化为30 μm,同时合金力学性能得到了改善.研究还表明,合金阻尼性能和频率无关,但随着应变量的增加而不断提高,并且在ε=1×10-4时,损耗因子达到5.3×10-2高阻尼水平.采用Mg-Zr合金制作的仪表基座对振动信号的传递比为1.88,显著低于ZM6和LY12合金基座的传递比.      

镍基高温合金铸件的晶粒组织控制──铸造工艺参数的影响

以ＩＮ７３８ＬＣ合金为例,研究了镍基高温合金在各种铸造工艺条件下的晶粒组织。结果表明,降低合金液均匀化处理温度可以明显细化冷凝后基体的晶粒。在浇注温度、铸型预热温度以及合金液均匀化处理温度等铸造工艺参数中,后者对晶粒尺寸的影响大于前两者。     

减小半球锥柱型药柱残药率的研究

为了减小半球锥柱型药柱的残药量,分别采用UG NX和MATLAB软件进行了建模和编程计算,得到了药柱燃烧规律和残药率与设计参数的函数关系图,进行了算例分析。计算结果表明,环向槽圆弧半径的取值越大,残药率越小,且残药率减少幅度增加;残药率与内孔半径呈现负相关关系;残药率与环向槽圆弧圆心旋转半径呈现近似抛物线关系,旋转半径值变大时,残药率先增大后减小;残药率与圆柱段长度呈现近似线性关系。计算结果与实际数据的最大相对误差为0.084%。      

水膜形成对轴流风扇气动影响的数值研究

为了研究水膜对风扇气动特性的影响,综合水滴碰撞壁面的参数,应用水膜方程求得叶片表面水膜方均根厚度。在数值计算中引入砂砾粗糙度模型来模拟水膜引起的叶片表面粗糙度变化。针对不同吞雨量和水滴直径条件开展数值计算。计算结果表明:水膜主要分布在叶片压力面中的前缘和叶根区域,其厚度和沉积面积随着吞雨量的增加而增大,并且水膜的存在会导致风扇压比和温比的降低。例如,当水滴直径为1000μm、吞雨量为5%时,水滴沉积面积为0.0758m2,占叶片压力面总表面积的33.91%。      

基于疲劳热响应的高强钢疲劳剩余寿命预测

为了在不破坏材料的情况下估算服役结构材料的使用寿命,尤其是估算承受过未知周次循环载荷（已受损）的材料剩余疲劳寿命,提出一种预测高强钢试件剩余疲劳寿命的方法。以300M钢为研究对象,在不同的循环应力水平下进行疲劳试验,所有的试验过程使用红外成像仪对试件进行全程温度监控,记录了试件在不同损伤阶段的受激温升斜率以构造包含金属疲劳热响应和疲劳寿命对应关系的“参考斜率曲面系”,并以此为依据估算剩余疲劳寿命。试验结果表明受激温升斜率与疲劳损伤状况,即试件的累计受载周次存在明显的线性关系。经试验验证,发现剩余寿命预测的误差不超过5%,说明该线性关系可作为估算剩余疲劳寿命的指标。