Investigation of ionospheric response to two moderate geomagnetic storms using GPS–TEC measurements in the South American and African sectors during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24

The responses of the ionospheric F region using GPS–TEC measurements during two moderate geomagnetic storms at equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions over the South American and African sectors in May 2010, during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, are investigated. The first moderate geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst value of −64 nT at 1500 UT on 02 May 2010 and the second moderate geomagnetic storm reached a minimum Dst value of −85 nT at 1400 UT on 29 May 2010. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from the equatorial to mid-latitude regions in the South American and African sectors. Our results obtained during these two moderate geomagnetic storms from both sectors show significant positive ionospheric storms during daytime hours at the equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions during the main and recovery phases of the storms. The thermospheric wind circulation change towards the equator is a strong indicator that suggests an important mechanism is responsible for these positive phases at these regions. A pre-storm event that was observed in the African sector from low- to the mid-latitude regions on 01 May 2010 was absent in the South American sector. This study also showed that there was no generation or suppression of ionospheric irregularities by storm events. Therefore, knowledge about the suppression and generation of ionospheric irregularities during moderate geomagnetic storms is still unclear.     

钢管混凝土柱极限承载力分析的分段合成法

在计算钢管混凝土受压构件弹塑性极限承载力的合成法基础上,提出了一种新的数值计算方法--分段合成法,计算假设仅包括平截面假设和考虑紧箍力影响的钢管混凝土的应力-应变关系,取消了原合成法中对柱变形曲线的假设,积分时不仅需要在截面上划分单元而且还需沿杆长划分单元,因而可考虑柱多个截面的平衡条件.与原合成法相比,该方法不仅适用于轴压构件和两端偏心距相等的偏压构件,而且还适用于两端偏心距不等的偏压构件的弹塑性极限承载力计算.利用提出的方法和程序,计算了圆形截面钢管混凝土轴压长柱、两端偏心距相等的偏压长柱以及两端偏心距不等的偏压长柱的弹塑性极限承载力,理论分析结果与文献中的理论结果和试验结果均吻合良好.     

2007-2009谷年期间高热层大气密度的变化

在第23至第24太阳活动周的峰年之间,太阳活动谷年具有持续时间长,极低F_10.7太阳辐射通量（低至65）和超长期的零太阳黑子数记录等特点,因此是观测和研究在这种特殊背景下热层大气变化的极好机会.尤其是能充分理解和掌握在宁静环境下热层大气密度对弱太阳活动和小地磁扰动的响应特性.本文利用高度650 km以上星载大气密度探测器2007—2009年的连续探测数据进行分析,结果表明,在太阳辐射通量F_10.7极低值期间,较高热层大气密度对F_10.7的起伏具有更显著的响应变化.当F_10.7由70降至65时,日均大气密度会有4～5倍的显著降变,远大于通常大气模式中的降变值.同样在F_10.7极低值期间,较高热层大气密度对小地磁扰动也具有显著的响应增变,当日K_p指数之和由23增至30时,较高热层大气密度则会有80%～160%的强增变.     

Ionospheric disturbances on 8 September, 2010: Was it connected with the incoming moderate Chongqing earthquake?

Earthquake prediction stimulates the searches for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric anomalies. Contrary to common focuses on strong earthquakes, we report the ionospheric disturbances, 2 days before a moderate Ms = 4.7 Chongqing earthquake (29.4°N, 105.5°E, depth = 7.0 km, occurred at 21:21 LT, 10 September, 2010) with the data of ground-based ionosondes and IGS receivers. The data covering the period under the quiet geomagnetic conditions and a geomagnetic storm was analyzed with upper and lower bounds. It is found that there were significant enhancements of foF2 and total electron content (TEC) on the afternoon of 8 September, 2010, with a limited area close to the epicentre, which was different from the feature of ionospheric perturbations triggered by the geomagnetic storm on 15 September. Taking into account the heliogeomagnetical condition, we conclude that the observed ionospheric enhancements were very likely associated with the forthcoming moderate Chongqing earthquake, which implies that the relationship between the amplitudes of ionospheric disturbances and earthquakes is very complicated.     

钛合金六角头螺栓头部成形过程的有限元分析

航空用螺栓的头部多样、形状复杂,通常情况下利用镦锻工艺成形。研究采用塑性成形仿真软件,针对Ti-6Al-4V六角头螺栓的头部成形过程进行了有限元模拟,对成形各阶段的应力、应变、温度变化以及材料流动情况进行了分析,同时对成形过程中的缺陷进行了预测,为工艺设计和改进提供了依据。     

模拟地热水温度对镀锌钢管腐蚀与结垢的影响

针对地热水环境中金属管道常见的腐蚀与结垢问题,采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等研究了不同温度的模拟地热水中镀锌钢管的腐蚀与结垢行为.结果表明:实验前期镀锌钢管的表面出现两种形貌("球"状和"针"状),不同温度的地热水中腐蚀与结垢产物的晶体形状不同,产物成分主要为Zn(OH)2,ZnO,CaCO3和MgCO3;镀锌钢管表面产物的分布对镀锌钢管在模拟地热水中的进一步腐蚀有一定程度的抑制;50℃地热水中的镀锌钢管表面的腐蚀坑面积较小,而在65℃和80℃地热水中腐蚀坑面积较大,镀锌钢管的腐蚀与结垢速度随地热水温度的升高而增大.     

Surface Recrystallization in Nickel Base Single Crystal Superalloy DD6

The samples of single crystal superalloy DD6 are grit blasted and then heat treated either with the standard heat treatment procedure or in the temperature range of 1 000-1 250 °C for 4-16 h at vacuum atmosphere, then the recrystallization behavior of DD6 alloy is investigated. The results show that the equiaxed recrystallization grains form in the γ phase region where the as-cast γ′ phases have been dissolved completely, and cellular recrystallization forms in the region where the as-cast γ′ phases have been dissolved partially. The cellular recrystallization area consists of cellular grains, and the cellular grain consists of cubic γ′ phase, lamellar γ′ phase and γ+γ′ The coexistence of the equiaxed recrystallization zones and cellular recrystallization zones is a recrystallized characteristic of the cold worked single crystal samples which are heat treated at a temperature lower than the solution temperature. When the heating temperature is higher than 1 150 °C, with the increase of heat treating temperature, the equiaxed recrystallization zone expands, whereas the cellular recrystallization zone shrinks. All the deformed regions are consumed by equiaxed recrystallization after annealing at solution temperature.     

LD30铝合金与304不锈钢低温钎焊润湿性研究

采用LD30铝合金与304不锈钢低温钎焊工艺进行润湿性研究。通过润湿性研究对比,选用了60Sn-40Pb、Sn-3.5Ag和35Sn-40Pb-25Bi3种 适用于LD30铝合金和304不锈钢的低熔点钎料,并针对每种钎料选取与之相匹配的钎剂。分析了接头的微观组织、化合物相成分和X射线探伤。结果表明:60Sn-40Pb 和35Sn-40Pb-25Bi与H₃PO₄组合在304不锈钢上润湿性很好;不锈钢与镀镍层铝合金钎焊试验时,60Sn-40Pb和35Sn-40Pb-25Bi与50% H₃PO₄+50%乙二醇组合润湿性很好;Sn-3.5Ag 钎料润湿性相对较差。      

六自由度气浮台及其姿态平台自动平衡系统设计

针对卫星交会对接中相对姿态和位置的控制问题,设计一种6自由度（DOF）气浮台,并推导出描述两个气浮台模拟卫星交会对接运动的耦合6自由度(DOF)动力学模型。为解决气浮台模拟空间失重环境中的重力力矩干扰问题,设计一种基于应用新颖的快速非奇异终端滑模面的自适应有限时间控制器的自动平衡系统,估计出质心位置,通过控制三个平衡质量块补偿姿态平台质心与旋转中心之间的位置偏差。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明,该方法可以快速完成对姿态平台质心位置的准确估计,实现质心与旋转中心的高度重合。     

300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为

 针对飞机结构部件在服役过程中存在的缝隙积水导致结构材料腐蚀的问题,通过研究腐蚀产物、形貌、失重、腐蚀速率、腐蚀损伤度以及积水溶液与暴露金属的面容比、pH值等的变化,探讨了300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,300M钢在模拟积水中的腐蚀是从点蚀开始,然后点蚀坑扩展合并,逐渐发展为全面腐蚀,其腐蚀失重和腐蚀损伤度随腐蚀时间的增加而增大,腐蚀损伤度则呈现出幂函数变化趋势;随腐蚀时间的延长,模拟积水环境中的pH值从初期的4.2升到5.2再下降到4.8～5.0,平均腐蚀速率也从0.289 g/(m²·h)线性减小到0.120 g/(m²·h);电化学交流阻抗结果表明随腐蚀时间的延长,容抗弧半径逐渐增大,说明腐蚀产物对基体起到一定的保护作用,这与腐蚀速率变化规律一致;另外,不同的面容比(腐蚀介质体积与300M钢暴露面积之比)对腐蚀过程的影响是:随面容比的增加,腐蚀失重与腐蚀速率均增大。