Solar Activity and the Climate of Prebaikalia

This paper presents convincing evidence for the reality of manifestations of solar variability in climate characteristics of the Prebaikalia. A numerical estimate is obtained of this influence on ground air temperature. It is shown that the main meaningful variations in air temperature in the region for the period1881-1960 were caused by solar activity. Since the 1960s till the present, with the influence of solar variability continuing, a clear-cut influence of another factor has been observed, the role of which has been steadily increasing, and in the hst decade it has now exceeded the contribution of solar variability. Research results on the variations in hydrological characteristics of Lake Baikal and the Angara river and their connection with solar activity are presented. It is shown that these characteristics are closely correlated with the duration of solar cycles.      

基于UML活动图模型的测试用例生成技术研究

为了设计和生成系统工作流程的测试用例,引入测试大纲模型的概念,设计出从UML(Unified Modeling Language)活动图模型到测试大纲模型,再到测试用例模型的三级转换过程和一组消除活动图模型中的非结构化特征、将其转化为模块化的测试大纲模型,以及把并发子过程实例化为一组典型测试场景的基本规则.还研究了针对每一个输入操作,选择基本输入数据集,并将其赋予测试大纲模型之上,从而构造测试用例模型的方法,以及最终基于测试用例模型生成完备的测试用例集合的方法.      

弹性变形金属的力学化学效应与腐蚀过程相关性的研究

１根据力学，热力学、电化学的原理，就弹性变形对金属热力势和电机电势的影响，从而加速金属腐蚀的问题，进行了详细的理论分析与探讨。     

Statistical properties of the IMF clock angle in the solar wind with northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field based on ACE observation from 1998 to 2009: Dependence on the temporal scale of the solar wind

Utilizing ACE satellite observations from 1998 to 2009, we performed the elaborate study on the properties of the clock angle θ_CA (arctan(By/Bz) (?90° to 90°) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the solar wind at 1?AU. The solar wind with northward IMF (NW-IMF) and southward IMF (SW-IMF) are analyzed, independently. Statistical analysis shows that the solar wind with SW-IMF and NW-IMF has similar properties in general, including their durations, the IMF Bz and By components, and the IMF θ_CA. Then, the solar wind with NW-IMF (SW-IMF) is classified into five different temporal scales according to the duration of the NW-IMF (SW-IMF), i.e., very-short wind of 10–30?min, short-scale wind of 0.5–1?h, moderate-scale wind of 1–3?h, long-scale wind of 3–5?h, and super-long wind >5?h. Our analysis reveals that the IMF θ_CA has a distinct decrease with increase of the temporal scale of the solar wind. Next, the solar wind is classified into two groups, i.e., the high-speed solar wind (>450?km/s) and the low-speed solar wind (<450?km/s). Our analysis indicates that the IMF θ_CA depends highly on the solar wind speed. Statistically, high-speed solar wind tends to have larger IMF θ_CA than low-speed solar wind. The evolutions of the solar wind and IMF with the solar activity are further studied, revealing no clear solar variation of the IMF θ_CA. Finally, we analyze the monthly variation of the IMF θ_CA. Superposed epoch result strongly suggests the seasonal variation of the IMF θ_CA.     

金属橡胶技术应用研究

金属橡胶作为一种先进的新型功能材料,它主要为了满足航空航天飞行器上的特殊需要,解决高低温、高压、高真空及剧烈振动等环境下的密封、减振、过滤等疑难问题。通过开展金属橡胶材料在军机密封技术和阻尼隔振技术两方面的应用研究,从根本上解决液压系统在低温条件下的活动密封泄漏问题,彻底解决因橡胶隔振器存在易腐蚀、易老化、耐高低温能力差等不足造成管路事故频发的问题。     

基于约束运动理论的航天员舱外救生中的姿态运动控制

航天员舱外救生或作业时相对母体航天器经常要进行大角度姿态机动或姿态保持,利 用欧拉四元数描述姿态无奇异性且冗余度小。然而航天员舱外调姿时通常含有一定的约束或 是沿着某种预定轨迹,而且欧拉四元数在计算过程中可能发散。基于Udwadia和Kalaba 提出的约束运动理论,分析了航天员和航天器的相对姿态的描述方法,直接用四元数对航天 员的姿态进行动力学建模,将四元数2范数为1的约束加入到动力学方程里。利用该约束运动 理论推导和仿真了航天员姿态欧拉角奇异时的姿态跟踪控制方法。该控制方法对航天员肢体 变化引起的转动惯量等参数的改变具有鲁棒性,能通过平衡解稳定参数的选取方便地对控制 系统的性能进行调节,且计算量小。
     

On the dynamics of the heliosphere on intermediate and long time-scales

A time-dependent, three-dimensional model of the dynamics of the heliosphere as a result of solar activity and a time-varying local interstellar medium is presented. The model is based on a recent version of the well known ZEUS code and employs parallel processing. It includes the solar and interstellar plasma components as well as neutral atoms, and contains the heliospheric magnetic field in a kinematic fashion. We study the dynamics of the heliosphere due to solar activity on periods of months to years up to the so-called Schwabe (11-year) cycle as well as due to time variations of the local interstellar medium, all of which have drawn increasing attention during recent years, as the significance of their direct or indirect effect on the Earth and its environment is under lively debate.     

Space weather and commercial airlines

Space weather phenomena can effect many areas of commercial airline operations including avionics, communications and GPS navigation systems. Of particular importance at present is the recently introduced EU legislation requiring the monitoring of aircrew radiation exposure, including any variations at aircraft altitudes due to solar activity. With the introduction of new ultra-long-haul “over-the-pole” routes, “more-electric” aircraft in the future, and the increasing use of satellites in the operation, the need for a better understanding of the space weather impacts on future airline operations becomes all the more compelling. This paper will present the various space weather effects, some provisional results of an ongoing 3-year study to monitor cosmic radiation in aircraft, and conclude by summarising some of the identified key operational issues, which must be addressed, with the help of the science community, if the airlines want to benefit from the availability of space weather services.     

Gnevyshev gap, Forbush decreases, ICMEs and solar wind electric field: relationships

We have studied annual frequency distribution of the Forbush decreases for three solar cycles (20, 21, 22); most are associated with the fast ICMEs and SSCs. The frequency varies in step with the solar cycle but the distribution has a notable gap embedded in it, near the maximum of the cycle leading to two peaks in Forbush decreases per cycle. We show that the gap coincides with the epoch of solar polar field reversal. There is an indication of an odd/even cycle effect in the frequency distribution of Forbush decreases and the associated SSCs. We find that two peaks in Forbush decrease and SSC distributions are separated by the Gnevyshev gap; second peaks occur well before the onset of the high-speed streams in the descending phase of a cycle which do not cause Forbush decreases but do contribute to a peak in the geomagnetic activity index Ap. We compare Forbush decrease and SSC distributions with the corresponding distribution of the solar wind electric field and find that a large amplitude of the electric field of itself does not cause a Forbush decrease to occur unless it is also associated with a fast ICME/SSC.     

RPC-MIP: the Mutual Impedance Probe of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore, MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed.