直升机典型元组件垂直入水试验研究

为了研究直升机典型构件的着水机理,并为仿真建模和验证提供实测数据,开展了不同构型的直升机典型元组件垂直入水试验研究,阐述了试验设计方法和过程,并对试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,结构弹性影响明显,同时空气缓冲作用也不可忽略,不同速度下两者对压力峰值影响存在明显差异。     

液态碳氢燃料旋转爆震发动机起爆过程试验研究

为了分析液态碳氢燃料/纯净空气旋转爆震发动机从点火到旋转爆震波稳定传播过程的影响因素,采用预爆震管点火进行了相关试验研究。获得了预爆震波压力、燃烧室油气比、来流总温、点火器安装方式等对旋转爆震发动机起爆过程的影响。试验结果表明：旋转爆震波起爆时间随着预爆震波压力升高而缩短;来流总温740K,变化当量比时,越接近当量比1,旋转爆震起爆时间越短;工质为当量混气时,来流总温通过影响燃油的蒸发过程进而影响旋转起爆时间,总温673K以上时,起爆时间约10ms;预爆点火器垂直安装比切向安装更快形成旋转爆震波。     

联焰板宽度对单凹腔驻涡燃烧室冷态流场特性影响的试验研究

为了研究联焰板宽度对单凹腔驻涡燃烧室冷态流场特性的影响,设计了一个带扩压器和机匣的单凹腔驻涡燃烧室,并在此基础上通过改变联焰板宽度进行了冷态流场试验。试验在常温常压状态下进行,试验中的主要研究参数如下:在保持联焰板数目不变时,联焰板宽度分别为40mm,30mm,20mm;在改变联焰板数目时,联焰板数目分别为1,3。研究结果表明:在主流中心(PM)截面上,凹腔内存在双涡流动结构,主涡位于凹腔的中间位置,约占凹腔区域面积的80%;副涡位于主涡与主流之间,约占凹腔区域面积的20%。在联焰板中心(PA)截面上,不同的联焰板宽度会形成两种不同的流线形态,当联焰板宽度较宽时,凹腔内为单涡流动结构,仅存在主涡结构,主涡回流气流沿联焰板向火焰筒下壁面流动;当联焰板宽度较窄时,凹腔内为双涡流动结构,主流气流卷入联焰板后。联焰板宽度对流场特性的影响可以总结为:当联焰板宽度减小时,在PM截面上,凹腔副涡涡心位置在轴向上向上游移动,在径向上向主流移动,主流气流向凹腔扩张程度变小;在PA截面上,联焰板后出现主流和旋涡结构。     

星载永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析与实验研究

磁场是评价星载霍尔推力器性能水平及工作特性的重要因素,也是开展推力器优化设计的重要自由度。针对航天器姿态调整等空间轨道任务对霍尔推力器应用需求,分析了影响永磁霍尔推力器磁感应强度的关键因素。在此基础上,利用磁路等效法,采用有限元离散形式,建立了基于永磁材料的霍尔推力器磁场模型,利用国外同类产品工程数据验证了磁场模型分析方法的可行性和计算结果的正确性,最终获得了设计所需的推力器磁路构型、永磁体结构尺寸及相应的永磁霍尔推力器样机。将永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析结果与实测结果进行对比,并对整机性能进行了实验验证,结果表明:推力器性能实验结果与设计要求相符性较好,额定供气、供电状态下,推力器阳极电流符合设计要求,整机推力达到3.52mN,比冲达到685s,较好地实现了永磁霍尔推力器设计目标。     

C/SiC复合材料AUAG加工机理及实验研究

对C/SiC复合材料沿纤维分布方向超声磨削加工AUAG展开研究,对超声加工C/Si C复合材料的表面微观结构以及机械性能进行了评估,对表面质量随加工参数的变化而变化展开了研究。结果表明通过AUAG超声磨削加工参数的优化设计,可以得到较好的表面质量。     

Supersonic Two-Dimensional Minimum Length Nozzle Design at High Temperature. Application for Air

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heat ratio does not remain constant any more, and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect, its state equation remains always valid, except it will name in more calorically im-perfect gas or gas at High Temperature. The goal of this work is to trace the profiles of the supersonic Minimum Length Nozzle with centered expansion when the stagnation temperature is taken into account, lower than the threshold of dissociation of the molecules and to have for each exit Mach number several nozzles shapes by changing the value of the temperature. The method of characteristics is used with a new form of the Prandtl Meyer function at high temperature. The resolution of the obtained equations is done by the second order of finite differences method by using the predictor corrector algorithm. A study on the error given by the perfect gas model com-pared to our model is presented. The comparison is made with a calorically perfect gas for goal to give a limit of application of this model. The application is for the air.     

焊接接头力学性能不均匀性的研究

研究１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ材料氩弧对接焊接头的力学性能不均匀性,用金相分析和微形剪切试验得到焊接接头上不同组织区的力学性能分布特性。结果表明,在熔合区组织不均匀性与力学性能不均匀性最为严重,是焊接接头最薄弱的环节。焊接接头的疲劳试验表明,初始裂纹一般发生在熔合区,同时焊接接头力学性能不均匀性会导致焊接接头疲劳寿命降低４０％～６０％     

Numerical investigation of transcritical liquid film cooling in a methane / oxygen rocket engine

Transcritical film cooling was investigated by numerical study in a methane cooled methane/oxygen rocket engine.The respective time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved for the compressible steady three-dimensional(3-D) flow.The flow field computations were performed using the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation(SIMPLE) algorithm on several blocks of nonuniform collocated grid.The calculation was conducted over a pressure range of 202 650.0 Pa to 1.2×107 Pa and a temperature range of 120.0 K to 3 568.0 K.Twenty-nine different cases were simulated to calculate the impact of different factors.The results show that mass flow rate,length,diameter,number and diffused or convergence of film jet channel,injection angle and jet array arrangements have great impact on transcritical film cooling effectiveness.Furthermore,shape of the jet holes and jet and crossflow turbulence also affect the wall temperature distribution.Two rows of film arranged in different axial angles and staggered arrangement were proposed as new liquid film arrangement.Different radial angles have impact on the film cooling effectiveness in two row-jets cooled cases.The case of in-line and staggered arrangement are almost the same in the region before the second row of jets,but a staggered arrangement has a higher film cooling effectiveness from the second row of jets.     

TC4钛合金高速外圆磨削表面完整性实验

为充分发挥钛合金的优良性能,以TC4为研究对象进行高速外圆磨削实验,分析外圆磨削工艺参数对工件表面完整性的影响规律。结果表明:工件亚表面未出现变质层;随着砂轮线速度提高,表面质量提高;随着工件转速提高,表面划痕明显;随着磨削深度增加,出现表面烧伤现象,并且磨削深度对表面完整性的影响程度最大;磨削力与磨削温度对表面硬度的影响是正相关的,且磨削力对表面硬度的影响程度较大。因此可以通过选择合理的工艺参数来保证较大的材料去除率与较好的工件表面质量,为TC4钛合金高速外圆磨削提供指导。     

冷却系统阻力对汽车总阻力影响的数值预测模型研究

采用CFD方法数值模拟了小型汽车发动机冷却系统对全车阻力的影响特性.汽车的内部及外部(发动机舱及舱内)均设置了数值模拟网格.分别计算了散热器及风扇对阻力的影响,采用本校实验结果(散热器压力损失)及制造商提供的数据(散热器及风扇的质量流率)确定初始及边界条件,为基于RNS的CFD提供输入.对汽车轮胎运动模式及行驶速度对散热系统阻力及汽车总阻的影响特性也进行了计算分析.预测结果表明,冷却系统阻力占汽车总阻的6.9％,与实测值吻合.