Microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behavior of plasma-sprayed Si/Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings

An environmental barrier coating (EBC) consisting of a silicon bond coat and an Yb₂SiO₅ top-coat was sprayed on a carbon fibers reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The microstructure of the coating annealed at 1300 °C and its high-temperature oxidation behavior at 1350 °C were investigated. The significant mass loss of silica during the plasma spray process led to the formation of Yb₂SiO₅ and Yb₂O₃ binary phases in the top-coat. Eutectics of Yb₂SiO₅ and Yb₂O₃ were precipitated in the top-coat, and channel cracks were formed in the top-coat after 20 h annealing because of the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of Yb₂SiO₅ and the SiC substrate. The EBC effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the CMC substrate. The channel cracks in the Yb₂SiO₅ top-coat provided inward diffusion channels for oxygen and led to the formation of oxidation delamination cracks in the bond coat, finally resulting in spallation failure of the coating after 80 h oxidation.     

New concepts for the avoidance or utilisation of methane in life support systems

Due to high resupply costs, especially for long-duration stays in space habitats beyond low earth orbit, future manned space missions will require life support systems (LSS) with a high degree of regenerativity. Possible ways to overcome the waste of resources and to save on resupply mass are therefore of major interest for the development of next generation environmental control and life support systems.     

Fostering links between environmental and space exploration: the Earth and Space Foundation

The links between Earth and space exploration occur across a broad spectrum, from the use of satellite technology to support environmental monitoring and habitat protection to the study of extreme environments on Earth to prepare for the exploration of other planets. Taking the view that Earth and space exploration are part of a mutually beneficial continuum is in contrast to the more traditionally segregated view of these areas of activity. In its most polarized manifestation, space exploration is regarded as a waste of money, distracting from solving problems here at home, while environmental research is seen to be introspective, distracting from expansive visions of exploring the frontier of space. The Earth and Space Foundation was established in 1994 to help further mutually beneficial links by funding innovative field projects around the world that work at the broad interface between environmental and space sciences, thus encouraging the two communities to work together to solve the challenges facing society. This paper describes the work of the foundation and the philosophy behind its programmes.     

Initial design of laboratories for sustainable habitation

An effective and self-sustainable artificial habitat design is essential for human spaceflight and expansion of mankind into orbit or towards other celestial bodies. There are two approaches that need to be implemented in future sustainable habitats: the use of re-cycling technologies in order to gain experience in closed-loop processes and the primary production of resource materials using In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) principles. Various products will be provided and, where applicable, recycled in such a system taking into account basic human factors requirements such as crew work load capacity, safety and well-being, namely:     

Globalstar星座与意大利的小卫星中心

介绍了意大利 Alenia 航空航天公司为生产 Globalstar 卫星而建立的小卫星中心及其环境试验概况。     

飞船环控生保系统主要故障模型分析及飞控对策

研究了载人飞船环控生保系统主要故障模型及飞控对策，根据系统工作原理建立了影响飞行安全的主要故障模型，如舱体泄漏、气源消耗过量和CO2净化失效等，应用该类模型对飞行数据进行实时处理，判断或预测故障，同时给出飞控对策。该方法已成功应用于首次载人飞行。     

一体化建模和仿真环境（IMASE）

一体化建模／仿真环境能为用户提供友好的仿真建模环境，交互功能强的仿真运行环境和功能充分的结果分析环境，从而使仿真试验全过程都能方便地进行。ＩＭＡＳＥ是在ＭＰＳＥ或ＹＦＳＩＭ／ＹＦＲＩＯ的基础上，扩建仿真数据库和模型单元库，并且通过它们的生成源程序和增强结果分析功能，从而使运载火箭控制系统仿真无论在ＹＨ—Ｆ１上，还是在ＹＦ—Ｆ２上，都有一个一体化建模／仿真环境。     

航天器表面充电状态被动控制用的导电膜

本文说明了航天器表面充电状态被动控制的概念及其优点。用反应磁控溅射技术制备了适用于充电状态被动控制的氧化铟/锡膜、氧化铟膜及氧化锡膜。给出了这些膜的透过率、发射率、表面电阻率。在模拟空间(含亚暴)的环境条件下,对这些膜的充电特性作了评估。实验和测试表明这些薄膜性能完全符合NASA提出的规范要求。     

长寿命应用卫星的空间环境模拟试验问题

本文分析了长寿命卫星空间环境模拟试验的必要性、有效性,应采用的方法与措施,必须解决的问题。     

高加速寿命试验(HALT)与高加速应力筛选(HASS)

本文简要介绍了HALT／HASS试验技术的产生、发展及在国外的应用情况，在深入分析HALT／HASS试验技术基本原理和环境应力与诱发的故障模式之间关系的基础上，阐述了HALT／HASS试验技术的核心－试验剖面图的建立方法，并对HALT／HASS试验技术的特点、所需资源和其它的相关内容作了说明。